- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words competence, competition, competitiveness, competitor, competent, competing, competitive, compete
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions down, from, of, on, to, up, іn
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words produce, producer, product, production, productivity, productive
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions at, back, down, from, in, into, of; off, on, out, up
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words industrial, industrialism, industrialist, industrialization, industrialized, industrious, industry
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions agaіnst, at, from, in, of, off, out
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words management, manager, managerial, manageable, manage
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with one set of nouns
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions down, from, of, out, over, up
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •X. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words structure, structural, structuralism, structured
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions beyond, from, into, of, on, to, up
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words special, specialism, specialist, speciality, specialization, specialized, specially, specialize
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions at, down, forward, from, in, of, out, through
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words procedure, proceeding, proceeds, procedural, proceed
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions at, for, from, іn; to, up
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words divide, division, divided, divisible, divisional, divisive
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words employ, employee, employer, employment, employable, employed
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions ahead of, behind, by, down, in, of, off, on, out, to, up, upon, with
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words advertisement, advertiser, advertising, advertorial, advertise
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions at, for, in, into, of, on, out, under, up, upon, with
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words pay, payee, payer, payment, pay-off, payout, payable
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions at, for, from, in, into, of, off, on, out, up, with
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words execution, executioner, executor, executive, execute
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions at, for, from, in, into, of, on, out, upon
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words subject, subjection, subjectivity, subjective
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words legislature, legislation, legislator, legislative, legislate
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions at, for, from, of, on, up, upon, with, in, into
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words elect, election, electioneering, elector, electoral, electorate
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions at; for; from; in; of; on; up; upon; without
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions at, for, in, of, on, out, to, up, upon
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Law and court system of britain
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words accusation, accusatory, accused, accusing, accuse
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions for, of, on, out, to, under, up, without
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Unit 18
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words jurisdiction, jurisprudence, jurist, juror, jury, juridical
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions according, after, at, for, from, in, of, out, to, within
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words determination, determinism, determinant, determining, determined, determinate, determine
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions by, down, for, in, into, on, out, to, upon, with, within
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match the words with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Learn the meaning of the words judge, judge, judgment, judgmental
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words from exercise IV
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Match each of the following verbs with all possible nouns given in the box
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps in the word combinations given below with the prepositions against, before, by, for, from, in, of, to, under
- •IX. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •IV. Match the sentence halves
- •V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •VI. Fill in articles where necessary
- •VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the italicized words
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Give four forms of the following irregular verbs. Consult the table of irregular verbs if necessary
- •II. Put the infinitives in brackets in the correct tense form
- •III. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •IV. Put the following sentences in indirect speech
- •V. Put the verbs in brackets in the Passive Voice
- •I. Give present, past or perfect participle of the following verbs
- •II. Rewrite the phrases using a compound with an active or passive participle
- •III. Make up sentences from the table
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form
- •V. Join the following sentences, using either a present, past or perfect participle
- •VI. Match the sentence halves
- •VII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •VIII. Rewrite the parts in bold type using a participle
- •IX. Write a sentence with a similar meaning using the word in brackets in a participle construction
- •X. Translate into English
- •I. Give present, past or perfect participle of the following verbs
- •II. Give all forms of Participle I and Participle II of the following verbs
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form
- •IV. Change the sentences using present participle
- •V. Join the following sentences
- •VI. Match the sentence halves
- •VII. Transform the following complex sentences into simple ones:
- •VIII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Put the following verbs in active and passive gerund forms
- •II. Put verbs in brackets in the correct form
- •III. Answer these questions about likes and dislikes
- •IV. Put any suitable verb in a suitable form
- •V. Insert the correct preposition before the gerund where required
- •VI. Join the following sentences
- •VII. Match the sentence halves
- •IX. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •X. Translate into English
- •I. Give four forms of the following irregular verbs. Consult the table of irregular verbs if necessary
- •II. Put the following verbs in active and passive gerund forms
- •III. Put verbs in brackets in the appropriate –ing form and explain your choice of the gerund or the verbal noun
- •IV. Insert the correct preposition before the gerund where required
- •VI. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •VII. Write a sentence with a similar meaning using the word in brackets
- •VIII. Put the words in the right order
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Put verbs in brackets in the correct form
- •II. Put one missing word in each sentence
- •III. Complete the sentences with the gerund or the verbal noun after adjectives and possessives
- •IV. Join the following sentences
- •V. Match the sentence halves and then rewrite the sentence using a participle
- •VI. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •VII. Write a sentence with a similar meaning using the word in brackets
- •I. Give four forms of the following irregular verbs. Consult the table of irregular verbs if necessary
- •II. Give infinitive forms of the the following verbs
- •III. Use the infinitive phrase in brackets as in the model
- •IV. Put verbs in brackets in the correct form
- •V. Join the following sentences using the words given
- •VI. Match the sentence halves
- •VII. Open the brackets by using the infinitive with or without the particle to.
- •VIII. Make up sentences with the infinitive
- •IX. Use to, so as to, in order to in these sentences
- •X. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •XI. Translate into English
- •I. Givet infinitive forms of the the following verbs
- •II. Put verbs in brackets in the appropriate forms of the infinitive
- •III. Underline all the complexes with the infinitives and state their functions
- •IV. Point out the Objective with the Infinitive and the Subjective with the Infinitive Constructions. Translate into Ukrainian
- •V. Complete the following sentences using the Subjective with the Infinitive Constructions
- •VI. Write a sentence with complex object using the words given
- •VII. Change these sentences so as to use complex object as shown in the example
- •VIII. Join the following sentences twice: a) with enough, b) with too
- •IX. Join the following sentences, using a bare infinitive or gerund
- •X. Rewrite these sentences beginning with a noun phrase
- •XI. Use the bare infinitive or the gerund after have
- •XII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •XIII. Translate into English
- •I. Give four forms of the following irregular verbs. Consult the table of irregular verbs if necessary
- •II. Make up sentences from the table
- •III. Write down the use of each conditional sentence. Choose from these uses: advising, criticizing, offering, requesting, suggesting, threatening, warning
- •IV. Put verbs in brackets in the correct form
- •V. Complete the following sentences
- •VI. Paraphrase the following sentences
- •VII. Match the sentence halves
- •VIII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •IX. Translate into English
- •I. Make up sentences from the table
- •II. Say what kind of meaning is expressed by the sub-clause or by a prepositional phrase. It might be a condition (5), time (2), reason, contrast, or a wish
- •III. Put verbs in brackets in the correct form
- •IV. Write a sentence for each of the following events and possible consequences
- •VI. Paraphrase the sentences as in the models
- •VII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of verbs in the box
- •VIII. Rewrite these sentences using a to-infinitive
- •IX. Put verbs in brackets using the to-infinitive and the gerund
- •X. Write a sentence of similar meaning using the word in brackets
- •XI. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •XII. Translate into English
- •I. Give four forms of the following irregular verbs. Consult the table of irregular verbs if necessary
- •II. Put verbs in brackets in the correct form
- •III. Put verbs in brackets in the correct form. Give two forms where both are possible
- •IV. Paraphrase the sentences as in the model
- •V. Rewrite these sentences beginning with the words in italics
- •VI. Complete these sentences according to the model
- •VII. Complete these sentences using to-infinitive or gerund
- •VIII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence
- •IX. Complete each sentence using the correct form of the most suitable verb in the box. Sometimes two forms are possible
- •X. Explain the use of the Subjunctive Mood and translate the sentences into Ukrainian
- •XI. Translate into English
- •Infinitive constructions
- •Variant 1
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form
- •VII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write correct sentences
- •VIII. Translate into Ukrainian
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Variant 2
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form
- •VII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write correct sentences
- •VIII. Translate into Ukrainian
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Variant 3
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form
- •VII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write correct sentences
- •VIII. Translate into Ukrainian
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Variant 4
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form
- •VII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write correct sentences
- •VIII. Translate into Ukrainian
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Variant 1
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form
- •VII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write correct sentences
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Variant 2
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form
- •VII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write correct sentences
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Variant 3
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form
- •VII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write correct sentences
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Variant 4
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form
- •VII. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write correct sentences
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Irregular verbs
I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
1. In today's world there is often the need for new laws to be made (Acts of Parliament; be called; be known as; be made by; delegated legislation; fill in the details; general law; government departments; in general terms; most laws; new law; passed by Parliament; Royal Assent; sign a Bill; statute laws; two ways).
2. Main sorts of Bill (be debated on; be introduced into; be likely; be selected; become law; civil service; deal with; different types; government minister; important laws; individual Member; individual people; large section; local matters; make law; matters of public importance; pass a law; private Bill; private member's Bill; public Bill; whole country).
3. The stages the Bill has to go through (committee stage; final vote; first reading; following stages; formal procedure; further debate; go through; House of Lords; in detail; main aims; main debate; majority vote; possible changes; read out; report stage; Royal Assent; same stages; second reading; select committee; suggested amendments; third reading).
4. Bills in the House of Lords (be considered by; be curtailed; be enforced; be passed by; be presented for; come into force; different group; final stage; go through; make amendments; make changes; money Bill; reigning monarch; royal assent; straight away; successive parliamentary sessions; within a month; without amendment).
5. The lawmaking arm of the federal government (as a whole; be examined by; be signed by; become a law; committee hearings; confer together; general debate; House Administration; new legislation; organize hearings on; pass the bill; president of the Senate; refer to; Senate Committee; shelve the draft; signed by; similar sequence; standing committee; two-thirds majority; veto a bill).
II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
C. |
… |
J. |
As a matter of fact today most laws are made by Parliament or government departments. |
C. |
… |
J. |
As a rule every year the Parliament passes about one hundred Laws directly by making Acts of Parliament. |
C. |
… |
J. |
The matter is that no new law can be made by the Parliament unless it has completed a number of stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. |
C. |
… |
J. |
As far as I know the Queen also has to sign a Bill to show that it has been given the Royal Assent. |
C. |
… |
J. |
As far as I am concerned the Bill will have to go through the following stages: First Reading, Second Reading, Committee Stage, Report Stage, Third Reading, House of Lords and Royal Assent. |
C. |
… |
J. |
As far as I remember First Reading is a formal procedure in which the name of the Bill and its main aims are read out and there is usually no discussion or debate on the Bill. |
C. |
… |
J. |
On the contrary, Second Reading is the main debate on the whole Bill. |
C. |
… |
J. |
To my mind at the Third Reading stage there is a final vote on the Bill as a whole. |
C. |
… |
J. |
I don't think so. The House of Lords has the job of reviewing Bills received from the Commons. |
C. |
… |
J. |
In my opinion once both Houses of Parliament have passed a Bill, the bill goes to the reigning monarch for the Royal Assent. |
C. |
… |
J. |
I'm of the same opinion. Only after the Royal Assent it becomes a new law or Act of Parliament. Before this it is called a Bill. |
UNIT 15
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS
BEFORE YOU READ
Answer these questions
1. Do you agree that fair and free elections are an essential part of democracy? Why?
2. Can you give any examples of fair and free elections? If you can say when and where were they held?
READING TASKS
A. Understanding main points
Read the text below about the election timetable and answer these questions, beginning your answers with the following phrases: as a rule …; to tell the truth …; as far as I know …; the matter is that …; as far as I remember …; as far as I am concerned …; frankly/strictly speaking …; to make a long story short …
1. What elections are considered to be fair and free?
2. When does the Prime Minister meet a small group of close advisers to discuss the date which would best suit the party?
3. Who does the Prime Minister ask to dissolve Parliament?
4. Who is the winner of the election?
5. How many parliamentary constituencies is the United Kingdom divided into?
6. Who does each British citizen over eighteen cast his vote for?
7. What is the procedure of voting?
8. When are the results from each constituency announced? When is the national result known?
9. How many ministers does the Prime Minister appoint of his MPs to form the Government?
10. What party forms the Shadow Cabinet?
B. Understanding details
Mark these statements T (true) or F (false) according to the information in the text. Give your reason using the following phrases: as a matter of fact ...; I don't think so …; I'm of the same opinion …; in my opinion …; on the contrary …; strictly speaking ...; to my mind ...
1. Fair and free elections are an essential part of democracy, allowing the majority of citizens to determine how they want the country to be governed.
2. The time between general elections is four years.
3. About the week before the election the Sovereign meets a small group of close advisers to discuss the date of the General elections which would best suit the party.
4. Once Parliament is dissolved government officers don’t continue to function any longer.
5. General elections are often held either in winter or in spring 21 days after the dissolution of Parliament.
6. The winner is the candidate who gets more votes than any other single candidate, even if the difference is only one vote.
7. Each British citizen, even prisoners, lords and the mentally ill over eighteen has one vote, which he casts for the person who he wishes to represent him in Parliament.
8. Voting takes place on Polling Day, usually on Friday from 05.00 till 23.00 in each constituency.
9. The voter marks the ballot paper with a cross in the box opposite the name of the candidate of his or her choice.
10. The second largest party becomes the Official Opposition with a small group of its MPs being chosen to form the Shadow Cabinet.
THE ELECTION TIMETABLE
Fair and free elections are an essential part of democracy, allowing the majority of citizens to determine how they want the country to be governed. In the UK the time between general elections is five years. There were eight years between elections at the time of the First World War and ten years at the time of the Second World War. The Prime Minister chooses the date of the next General Election, but does not have to wait until the end of the five years. A time is chosen which will give as much advantage as possible to the political party in power. About the month before the election the Prime Minister meets a small group of close advisers to discuss the date which would best suit the party. The date is announced to the Cabinet. Party manifestos are published and campaigning begins throughout the country, lasting for about three weeks with large-scale press, radio and television coverage. Any number of candidates can stand for election in each constituency. The main political parties are usually represented, and sometimes candidates represent minority parties.
The Prime Minister formally asks the Sovereign to dissolve Parliament. Once Parliament is dissolved, all MPs are unemployed, but government officers continue to function. General elections are often held either in spring or in autumn 17 days after the dissolution of Parliament. Voting takes place on Polling Day, usually a Thursday.
The United Kingdom is divided into 659 parliamentary constituencies, each with an electorate of about 60,000 voters. Each British citizen, except prisoners, lords and the mentally ill, over eighteen has one vote, which he casts for the person who he wishes to represent him in Parliament. Through this he also votes for the party which he wishes to be in Government. Each constituency is represented by one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons.
Each constituency is divided into a number of polling districts, each of which has a polling station. Most polling stations are in public buildings such as schools, town halls or council offices. Voting takes place on Polling Day, usually on Thursday as Thursdays are popular general election days, from 07.00 till 22.00 in each constituency. Voters are sent a polling card in advance. Voting is by secret ballot, and the only people allowed in the polling station are the presiding officer, the polling clerks, the duty police officer, the candidates, their election agents and the voters.
Just before the poll opens, the presiding officer shows the ballot boxes to those at the polling station to prove that they are empty. The boxes are then locked and sealed.
Voting takes place in a booth. The voter marks the ballot paper with a cross in the box opposite the name of the candidate of his or her choice, and folds the paper to conceal the vote before placing it in the ballot box.
The results from each constituency are announced as soon as the votes have been counted, usually the same night. The national result is known by the next morning. The winner is the candidate who gets more votes than any other single candidate, even if the difference is only one vote. When all of the results are known the Sovereign usually invites the leader of the party winning the most seats in the House of Commons to be Prime Minister and to form a Government. The Prime Minister will appoint approximately 100 ministers of his MPs to form the Government. The modern government is arranged in about fifteen departments each with a minister at its head. As the House of Lords is unelected Chamber and is not involved in the electoral process normally, all the heads of departments are members of the House of Commons, though sometimes one is in the House of Lords. They form the cabinet, which meets about once a week in Number 10 Downing Street, a rather ordinary-looking house which also contains the Prime Minister's personal office.
The second largest party becomes the Official Opposition with a small group of its MPs being chosen to form the Shadow Cabinet. Its leader is known as the Leader of the Opposition. Since 1945 the Conservatives and Labour have been either the Government or the Opposition.