V. Fill in prepositions, where necessary

1. … one time the existence … a legal right depended … whether there was a suitable writ … which to begin the action.

2. Codification was a feature … Roman law and was adopted … nearly all Continental countries.

3. Each branch is controlled … an independent body which maintains high professional standards … education, training, and conduct.

4. English law is one … the great legal systems … the world, and a substantial proportion … it is ruled today … laws that came originally … this small island.

5. Justice requires that a judge be impartial and independent … either party … a particular legal dispute.

6. Lawyers are not appointed … the State and are not civil servants and they are not subject … direct political control.

7. The common law is … the records and reports … cases tried … the judges that we derive our knowledge … early case law.

8. The early Norman judges were important figures appointed … the Crown whose justice they administered.

9. There are differences … the law … Scotland, influenced … Roman law, and that … the remainder … the United Kingdom.

10. To achieve some consistency … decisions, the courts developed the practice that the lower courts are bound to follow decisions … higher courts.

VI. Fill in articles where necessary

1. … legal code is … systematic collection of laws so arranged as to avoid inconsistency and overlapping.

2. Codification was … feature of … Roman law and was adopted by nearly all Continental countries.

3. Each branch is controlled by … independent body which maintains … high professional standards of education, training, and conduct.

4. English common law, which forms … basis of English law, was of … native growth and little influenced by … Roman Law.

5. English law is one of … great legal systems of … world, and … substantial proportion of it is ruled today by laws that came originally from this small island.

6. It is from … records and reports of cases tried by … judges that we derive our knowledge of early case law.

7. Justice requires that … judge be impartial and independent of either party to … particular legal dispute.

8. … common law was largely 'judge-made' from … existing customary laws.

9. … early Norman judges were important figures appointed by … Crown whose justice they administered.

10. … United Kingdom is … unitary State, not … federation of States.

VII. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box

avoid; basis; codification; consistency; existence; independent body; influenced; judge; justice; legal code; lower courts; native growth; notably; remainder; ruled; separate systems; standards; substantial proportion; suitable writ.

1. A … is a systematic collection of laws so arranged as to … inconsistency and overlapping.

2. … was a feature of Roman law and was adopted by nearly all Continental countries, … France, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

3. Each branch is controlled by an … which maintains high professional … , training, and conduct.

4. English common law, which forms the … of English law, was of … and little influenced by Roman Law.

5. English law is one of the great legal systems of the world, and a … of it is … today by laws that came originally from this small island.

6. … requires that a … be impartial and independent of either party to a particular legal dispute.

7. There are differences between the law of Scotland, … by Roman law, and that of the … of the United Kingdom.

8. There are … operating in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and in Scotland.

9. To achieve some … in decisions, the courts developed the practice that the … are bound to follow decisions in higher courts.

10. We shall see later that at one time the … of a legal right depended on whether there was a … with which to begin the action.