Vocabulary exercises

I.

1. e

2. h

3. d

4. j

5. g

6. c

7. f

8. i

9. b

10. a

II.

1. c

2. e

3. d

4. a

5. f

6. b

7. g

III.

1. 2i 3d

2. 2b 3j

3. 2e 3a

4. 2d 3e

5. 2j 3g

6. 2f 3f

7. 2l 3h

8. 2g 3l

9. 2a 3k

10. 2h 3i

11. 2k 3c

12. 2c 3b

V.

1. manageable; 2. manage; 3. managers; 4. management; 5. managing; 6. managerial; 7. manager; 8. managerial; 9. management; 10. manageable.

VI.

1. high technology; 2. halt inflation; 3. display an invention; 4. internal commerce; 5. facilitate/further/promote development; 6. increase/raise productivity; 7. internal resources; 8. middle management; 9. sea-borne commerce; 10. combine resources; 11. top management; 12. undersell a competitor; 13. world-embracing/world-wide commerce.

VII.

1. e

2. b

3. a

4. e

5. e, g

6. e

7. c

8. a

9. c

10. c

11. e, f

12. d

13. b

14. b

15. d, e

16. c, e

17. e

18. f

19. f

20. f

21. a

22. b

23. b

24. e, g

25. f

VIII.

1. out of; 2. in; 3. out; 4. out of; 5. up; 6. out of; 7. down; 8. to; 9. up; 10. over; 11. up; 12. from.

IX.

1. inspiration; 2. infrastructure; 3. foundations; 4. groundwork; 5. tycoon; 6. emergence; 7. abundance; 8. function; 9. explosion; 10. pursuit.

III.

1. f

2. i

3. h

4. b

5. m

6. e

7. c

8. k

9. g

10. n

11. d

12. a

13. l

14. j

IV.

1. g

2. i

3. b

4. e

5. a

6. c

7. f

8. j

9. d

10. h

V.

1. out, by, into, of; 2. by, of, in; 3. in, in, from, to; 4. of, for; 5. with, in, of; 6. of, on, for; 7. in, for, with; 8. with, of, in; 9. of, in, of; 10. about, of, with.

VI.

1. the, the, the, an; 2. the, an; 3. the, the; 4. a, the; 5. the, the; 6. a, a, a; 7. a, a, the; 8. the, the; 9. the, the, the; 10. the, the, the, an.

VII.

1. technocrats, corporations; 2. in abundance; 3. foundation; 4. raw materials; 5. achievements, industrial infrastructure; 6. emergence, railroad industry; 7. explosion; 8. rapid, groundwork, industrial economy; 9. entrepreneurial, tycoons; 10. rich in, mineral resources.

IX.

1. Bill Gates, the head of Microsoft, built an immense fortune developing and selling computer software. 2. They are concerned about the state of the national economy and America's relationship with other nations. 3. Gates established a charitable foundation that quickly became the largest of its kind. 4. The crucial change came with the emergence of the corporation, which appeared first in the railroad industry and then elsewhere. 5. Business barons were replaced by "technocrats," high-salaried managers who became the heads of corporations. 6. The rise of the corporation triggered, in turn, the rise of an organized labor movement. 7. The USA is a highly developed industrialized country having very powerful industries, advanced technologies and science. 8. Ford offered a very generous wage, five dollars a day, to his workers, enabling many of them to buy the automobiles they made, helping the industry to expand. 9. As the American economy matured in the twentieth century, however, the freewheeling business mogul lost luster as an American ideal. 10. The rapid economic development following the Civil War laid the groundwork for the modern U.S. industrial economy.