- •1. The Branch of Phonetics.
- •2. Branches of Phonetics.
- •5. The connection of phonetics with other branches of linguistics.
- •6. Interdisciplinary subjects connected with phonetics.
- •7. The theoretical importance of phonetics.
- •8. The notion of the phoneme. Phoneme theory.
- •9. The relationship between the Phoneme and its allophones.
- •10. The aspects of the phoneme.
- •11. The functions of phoneme.
- •12. The Phonetic structure of the language.
- •13. The Articulation Basis.
- •14. The types of transcription.
- •15. Theories of syllable formation and division.
- •16. The structure of syllables in English.
- •17. The Function of Syllables in English.
- •18. The nature of word stress.
- •19. The Place of Word Stress in English. The Degrees of Stress.
- •20. The functions and tendencies of the English stress.
- •Identificatory / recognitive function
- •21. The Typology of Accentual Structure.
- •22. Intonation: Definition, Approaches, Functions.
- •Informational function
- •Indexical function
- •23. The components of intonation.
- •If the intonation properties of a sense-group are meant, the sense-group is called a tone unit /an intonation group.
- •24. The phonology aspect of intonation
- •25. The notation varieties of English pronunciation.
- •26. Rp/bbc English as the British National Standard of pronunciation. Major accents in uk.
- •27. General American as the American English pronunciation standard.
- •28. Accents of English outside the uk and the usa.
25. The notation varieties of English pronunciation.
American English shows a less degree of dialect that British due to some historical factors. There are tree types of American English:
The eastern type(is spoken in new England, New York City)
The southern type(used in south and south-cast of USA)
General American(is spoken in Atlantic states, its language used in Radio and TV)
Language exists in two forms: written and spoken. The literary spoken form has it’s natural pronunciation standard. Today all the English all the English speaking nations have their own national pronunciation standard. Today all the English all the English speaking nations have their own national variants of pronunciation and each of them has peculiar that distinguish it from other varieties of English.
It’s generally accepted that for the English “English it’s Received pronunciation”, for “the American English” – “general American pronunciation”, for the “Australian English” – “Educated Australian”.
26. Rp/bbc English as the British National Standard of pronunciation. Major accents in uk.
BEPC/British English pronunciation standards and accents: English English, Welsh English, Scottish English and Northern English.
British English accent:
English English
Welsh English
Northern Ireland English
Southern
Northern
Southern English:
Greater London
Surrey
Kent
Essex
East Anglia:
Lincolnshire
Norfolk
Suffolk
South-West:
Avon
Somerset
Wiltshire
Northern and Midland northern:
Durham
Cleveland
Yorkshire North west:
Lancashire
Cheshire
West Midland:
Birmingham
Wolver Hampton
27. General American as the American English pronunciation standard.
General American also known as Standard American English is a major accent of American English. The accent is not restricted to the US within American English General American and accents approximating it is contrasted with southern American English.
General American has been never the accent of the entire nations. It has become widely spoken in many American films, TV series, news.
28. Accents of English outside the uk and the usa.
The greatest variation in Australian accent is along educational and accusation lines, expressed as three class-based accents:
Broad Australian
General Australian
Cultivated Australian
The New Zeeland accent is distinguished from the Australia one by the presence of ”clipped” vowels.
South Africa has 11 official languages one of which is English accent very significantly between ethnic and language groups.
Native English Speakers have an accent that generally resembles British Received pronunciation.