Fast car

Years ago, Craig Breedlove set speed records. He raced across flat land made of salt. He went as fast as 600 miles per hour in his special car.

Now he wants to go the speed of sound. He has built a car with a jet engine. He will try to go 765 miles per hour on land.

He will ride in a five wheeled hot rod. It has a Navy jet engine. The last time he raced, two parachutes failed. He burned the brakes out in the car. Then he went through a telephone pole. He finally ended up in a salt water canal. He had to swim out of it.

Breedlove builds his car in a garage in the small town of Rio Vista, California. His wife Marilyn and the crew live with the project 24 hours a day. It has taken 23 years to get his idea made into a car. In early October, he will learn if his idea works.

Choose the correct alternative (a-d) and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. He has already gone as fast as ♦ in his special car.

a) 600 mph b) 60 mph c) 6,000 mph d) 666 mph

2. It has taken Craig 23 years to get his ♦ real.

a) wheel b) car c) idea d) jet

3. He will ride in a five-wheeled ♦.

a) hot rod b) rocket ship c) jet engine d) pram

4. Craig Breedlove raced across flat land made of ♦.

a) salt b) sand c) concrete d) dirt

5. The last time he raced ♦ failed.

a) three wheels b) two parachutes c) the engine d) the brakes

6. His wife Marilyn and the crew live with the project ♦.

a) 24 hours a day b) on Sundays c) on weekends d) at night

7. When he ended up in a salt water canal he had to ♦ to get out.

a) run b) swim c) climb d) walk

8. He has built a car with a(n) ♦ engine.

a) jet b) truck c) airplane d) ship

9. Now he wants to go the speed of ♦.

a) sound b) light c) length d) height

10. He burned the brakes out in the car and went through a ♦.

a) telephone pole b) house c) fence d)garage

What have you learnt?

1. In order to go even faster, what did Craig Breedlove have to do?

a) He had to have a jet engine.

b) He had to use special brakes.

c) He had to have more gas.

2. What happened years ago when Craig Breedlove drove fast?

a) He set a new speed record.

b) He ruined the car he was driving.

c) He got a speeding ticket.

3. What prevented Craig Breedlove from turning his idea into a real car?

a) He took time off to do other things.

b) It is very hard to make such a fast car.

c) He did not have enough money to build it.

4. What happened to him the last time he raced?

a) His car stopped exactly where he wanted it to.

b) His car would not stop.

c) He could not stop his car in time.

5. Why did the breaks on the car burn out?

a) The parachutes did not open and slow the car.

b) It was a very hot day.

c) They were poorly made.

Text C. Read the text and retell it in Russian. Name the text.

Graffiti not only looks ugly, it also makes passengers and the people who live near the railway feel unsafe. Each year Network Rail spends more than £3.5 million on the removal of graffiti and this does not include the costs of lost revenue and delays. This money could be better spent on improving the railway.

Creating graffiti can be very dangerous - especially if you go on to the tracks. Every year, people are killed and injured when they are creating graffiti. Trespassing on the railway is a criminal offence and carries a fine of up to £1,000. Graffiti impacts on safety, for example graffiti on signs. We try to stop people creating graffiti on the railway.

We use a number of different approaches to prevent graffiti depending on the needs of the local area. We try to establish partnerships with local authorities and pay them for removing graffiti on our structures. Because they have their own graffiti-removal teams, they can often tackle problems faster and more cheaply than we can. This approach has worked very well in several London local authorities. We know that the law is not the only solution for graffiti and use education, crime reduction, alternative activities for young people, publicity and cleansing as well.

Anti-graffiti technologies - including using non-stick, textured and graffiti-resistant paints, encouraging plants and trees to cover surfaces (where safe), improving fences and removing redundant buildings.

☺Read the joke and retell it in Russian.

А railroad crew befriended a monkey named Bobo. The railroaders played with Bobo, fed him and really treated him nice. In fact, they taught the monkey to give hand signals and run the engine. Soon Bobo got to be so good at it that the guys would let the monkey do their work while they went fishing. One day the Trainmaster caught the guys fishing while Bobo was doing the work. All of the railroaders got fired on the spot. A couple of months later the railroaders got a letter from the company. It was a great flowery piece and reinstated all of the railroaders to their former positions with all back pay. It was signed by Trainmaster Bobo.

Lesson FOUR

Ex. 1. Copy and memorize the following terms.

adjacent track – смежный путь ballast residue – осыпь to compact – уплотнять, прессовать compactor – уплотнитель, каток to crush – дробить to excavate – производить земляные работы, выкапывать level control – регулятор уровня possession – "окно" (перерыв в движении на время ремонта пути) rehabilitation – восстановление, реконструкция to remove – вынимать грунт scalping – предварительное грохочение screening – просеивание, грохочение screening machine – грохот, механическое сито site – стройплощадка; территория строительства soil – грунт, почва sweeping shaft – вибровал swivelling conveyor belt – поворотный ленточный конвейер tamper – кулачковый каток transfer сar – передаточная (трансбордерная) тележка

Ex. 2. Copy the following words and memorize their meanings:

to add – добавлять, присоединять

completely – полностью, целиком

flexible – легко приспосабливаемый, гибкий

to integrate – интегрировать, объединять (в одно целое)

to process – обрабатывать, подвергать обработке

to realize – осуществлять, выполнять

to recycle – перерабатывать, повторно использовать

satellite – вспомогательный

simultaneous – одновременный, синхронный

to stabilize - обеспечивать устойчивость, укреплять

uniform – равномерный, постоянный.

Read the following sentences and translate them into Russian:

1. Suzuki has added extra doors to its sports off-roader. 2. The soil compacts and forms a solid layer. 3. A similar project for the Stirling area is completely finished. 4. The police were completely controlling the situation. 5. The job offers flexible working hours. 6. The new techniques had to integrate with existing conventional software. 7. Transport planning should be integrated with energy policy. 8. The new network will enable data to be processed more speedily. 9. She never realized her ambition of winning an Olympic gold medal. 10. Their expectations of huge profits were never fully realized. 11. We take all our bottles to be recycled. 12. Japan recycles 40% of its waste. 13. She works in a satellite office. 14. Up to twenty users can have simultaneous access to the system. 15. The policy ensures a uniform standard of health care throughout the country. 16. Oil prices have stabilized for now. 17. Grade A eggs must be of uniform size. 18. The government needs a more flexible approach to education. 19. New techniques for recycling plastics are being introduced.

Ex. 3 A. Choose the appropriate suffix to form the nouns. Translate them and memorize their meaning.

-ment -tion -ing -al -ance -ture

Verb	Noun
improve	improvement
recycle
remove
clean
excavate
separate
perform
renew
crush
compact
mix
place

B. Fill in the blanks with the nouns from ex. 3A.

1. ♦ is important to help protect our environment. 2. A conveyor transfers the ♦ of soil to the truck. 3. Maintenance of way includes routinely checking, ♦, and repairing the tracks, with the use of a variety of specialized equipment. 4. Earth ♦ is carried out before construction. 5. Quebec wanted some form of ♦ from the rest of Canada. 6. The car's ♦ on mountain roads was impressive. 7. Ballast Regulators are used for maintenance and ♦ activities. 8. ♦ means an action of severe pressure. 9. Consider the use of low ground pressure tires, dual wheels or tracked vehicles minimize soil ♦. 10. A ♦ of ground and sand is ideal for this kind of plant. 11. The Sleeper Layer, designed to be used on heavy excavators and loaders, is used for ♦ of concrete sleepers.

Ex. 4. Translate the following attributive groups:

ballast recycling, ballast recycling work, formation rehabilitation, ballast cleaning, machine complex; formation protection layer, track availability, ballast formation, ballast renewal, ballast replacement, ballast material, recycling material, standard railway vehicle design, floor conveyor belt, transfer conveyor belt.

Ex. 5. Prefix pre- means before in time, rank, order, position, etc. (pre-recorded - записанный заранее). Read the following word combinations and translate them in Russian.

Prehistoric event; prearranged signal; pre-school programmes; pre-heater system; pre-examined track; pre-higher education; on a pre-paid basis; pre-separation ballast; pre-election promises; pre-holiday fuss; pre-study courses; pre-war period; pre-packed sandwiches; a prepaid mobile phone; at pre-set temperatures; pre-tax profits; office software preloaded.

Ex. 6. Translate the sentences paying attention to the past participles as an attribute. The last sentence should be translated in written form.

1. Designed as a dining hall, the grand room is now a visitors’ centre. 2. Packaging is made of recycled paper. 3. The machine has a capability to store excess ballast removed from the track. 4. Other track forms include slab or non-ballasted track which does not require ballast. 5. The clean screened ballast is returned to the track and the fine screened residue is ejected to one side, usually into a hopper wagon on an adjacent track. 6. Broken or worn-out rails also need replacing periodically. 7. Tracks must be regularly checked for signs of problems which can include missing or damaged ties, damage to the rails, and obstructions such as fallen trees or disabled trains. 8. Welded tracks are used for high-speed trains. 9. The Loram distributes the cleaned ballast along both shoulders and regulates it to the shape specified by the railroad. 10. The machine is rail mounted and designed to travel at track speeds while towing up to four fully loaded ballast cars. 11. The combination of a powerful digging arm with twin engines and vacuum pumps makes it capable of excavating compacted ballast, clay, mud, water, sand, and soil. 12. RM-80 Ballast cleaning machine is designed to provide powered cleaning of the soiled track and ballast. 13. MFS units are open-sided wagons in standard railway vehicle design with a floor conveyor belt in the hopper and a transfer conveyor belt at the front end of the unit.

Ex. 7. Read the text about The SPITZKE Group, a German company, and be ready to answer the questions that follow.

The SPITZKE Group has established itself as one of the most capable and competitive rail system infrastructure companies in Germany. Modern visions, fresh spirit and innovative concepts are coupled with wide-ranging experience and many years of railway knowledge.

The SPITZKE Group offers the whole range of services. Their track-laying, loading, track and earthworks technology in all performance classes is available for the successful realisation of all kinds of railway construction projects. They find individual solutions for extraordinarily complicated situations and adapt the technology to the specific conditions.

They operate in the mainline, urban and underground railway, tramway and industrial railway segments. With railway construction, rolling stock, electrical and structural engineering, and logistics areas of expertise they provide an individual, efficient overall solution for every project.

What is this company famous for? What is its field of activity? What are its services and products?

Text A. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary if necessary.