Типы юридической профессии в Британии.

solicitor - стряпчий

undertake - брать на себя обязанность

confer - совещаться

draft - составлять

conduct negotiations - вести переговоры

prepare a case for trial - подготовить дело к слушанию в суде

retain - нанимать (адвоката)

advocacy - защита

higher court - вышестоящий суд

agent - доверенное лицо

litigation - тяжба, судебный процесс

advocate - адвокат

voluntarily - добровольно

incorporate - регистрировать

extensive - обширный

setting - учреждение

enforce - проводить в жизнь

sustain - понести (ущерб, убыток)

law school - юридический факультет

furthermore - кроме того

apprenticeship - ученичество

graduate - выпускник

I. Read the text.

Solicitor

Solicitor is a type of practicing lawyer in Britain who gives advice, does the necessary work when property is. bought and sold, and defends people, especially in the lower courts of law. Jn general, a barrister undertakes no work except through a solicitor, who prepares and delivers the client's instructions to a barrister. Solicitors ccnfer with clients, draft documents, conduct negotiations, prepare cases for trial, and retain barristers for advice on special matters or for advocacy before the higher courts. They have a right to act in all courts as the agents for litigation or representatives of their clients, but they may appear as advocates only in the lower courts. If one wants to make a will the best man to advise him is a solicitor. If one gets into trouble with the police one can ask a solicitor to help prepare his defence. The official organization of solicitors is the Law Society, a voluntary group, incorporated by Parliament. The Law Society has extensive authority in setting and enforcing standards for solicitors. The Law Society maintains a client-compensation fund to reduce and relieve losses sustained from dishonesty by solicitors. The education required of a solicitor includes a law school course. Furthermore, To qualify as a solicitor one is to join a practicing solicitor as a "clerk" and to work for him (apprenticeship) for a period of five years (three years for university graduates) in order to pass the Law Society exams. Solicitors must be British Commonwealth citizens, although there is no such requirement for the barrister. [The Commonwealth is an organization of about 50 countries that were once part of the British Empire.]

II. Restore the word order in the questions and answer them:

Who people in the lower courts of law in Britain defends? 2) Who and delivers the client's instructions to a barrister prepares? 3) Do confer solicitors with clients? 4) Solicitors don't advice and draft documents give, do they? 5) Who negotiations and prepares cases for conducts trial? 6) Who barristers for advice on special matters or for advocacy before the higher courts retains? 7) What right solicitors do have? 8) Where may appear solicitors as advocates? 9) Who the best man to make a will is? 10) What one can do if he gets into trouble with the police? 11) What about the official organization of solicitors is known? 12) Why the Law Society does maintain a client-compensation fund? 13) What one should do to be qualified as a solicitor? 14) Must be solicitors British Commonwealth citizens?

III. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1) Solicitor misadvises. 2) Solicitor does the unnecessary work when property is bought and sold. 3) Solicitor defends people in the higher courts of law. 4) A barrister undertakes work except through a solicitor. 5) Solicitor prepares and delivers the client's instructions to a judge. 6) Solicitors hold a consultation with clients. 7) Solicitors compose documents. 8) Solicitors carry on negotiations. 9) Solicitors prepare cases for lawsuit. 10) Barristers retain solicitors for advice on special matters. 11) Solicitors retain barristers for advocacy before the lower courts. 12) Solicitors act in all courts as the agents for litigation. 13) Solicitors don't act in all courts as representatives of their clients. 14) Solicitors may appear as advocates only in the higher courts. 15) If one wants to make a will the best man to advise him is a barrister. 16) If one gets into trouble with the police one can ask a barrister to help prepare his defence.

4. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English:

Стряпчий; советовать; доверенное лицо; собственность; тяжба; адвокат; покупать; регистрировать; обширный; учреждение; брать на себя обязанность; совещаться; составлять документ; вести переговоры; защищать; подготовить дело к слушанию в суде; нанимать адвоката; защита; вышестоящий суд; проводить в жизнь; понести ущерб; судебный процесс; юридический факультет; ученичество; доставлять инструкции; составить завещание; попасть в беду; давать плохой совет.

4. Complete the following statements:

1) Solicitors give ... 2) Solicitors do ... 3) Solicitors defend ... 4) Solicitors prepare and deliver ... 5) Solicitors confer ... 6) Solicitors draft ... 7) Solicitors conduct ... 8) Solicitors prepare cases ... 9) Solicitors retain ... 10) Solicitors have a right to act ... 11) Solicitors may appear as ... 12) If one wants to make a will ... 13) If one gets into trouble with the police ... 14) The official organization of solicitors is ... 15) The Law Society has ... 16) The Law Society maintains ... 17) The education required of a solicitor includes ... 18) To qualify as a solicitor one is ... 19) Solicitors must be ... ,

Barrister

Study the words and the word-combinations.

barrister - барристер (адвокат, имеющий право выступать в высших судах) untouchable - недоступный, недосягаемый

Inns of Court - Судебные Инны (четыре английские школы подготовки барристеров)

Inner Temple - Внутренний Темпл

Middle Temple - Средний Темпл

Lincoln's Inn - Линкольновскнй Инн

Gray's Inn - Греевский Инн

high antiquity - глубокая древность

legal education - юридическое образование

prospective - будущий

inn - постоялый двор; инн, школа подготовки барристеров read law - изучать право

serve one's apprenticeship - проходить курс ученичества proper - надлежащий fee - гонорар

I. Read the text.

Barrister is one of the two types of practicing lawyers in England, the other being the solicitor. In general, barristers engage in advocacy (trial work) and solicitors in office work. Barristers are experts in the interpretation of the Law. Barristers are called in to advise on really difficult points. Only barristers

(not solicitors) may appear as advocates before the High Court. High Court is a court of law in Britain that is at a higher level than ordinary courts and that can be asked to change the decisions of a lower court. Barristers are rather untouchable figures. If you need one, you never see him without your solicitor being with him. To be a barrister it is necessary to be a member of one of the four Inns of Court in London. Inns of Court are four institutions of high antiquity that have historically been responsible for legal education. Inns of Court include Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn. A prospective barrister must pass some examinations established for the inns by the Council of Legal Education and must read law and serve his apprenticeship with a practicing barrister for not less than a year. A barrister is required to accept any case for a proper professional fee, regardless of his personal feelings. Barristers cannot carry on any other profession or business.