Mini-dictionary

The Principal Elements of the Nature of Science: Dispelling the Myths

to be encouraged	бути заохоченим
procedures, explorations	процедури, дослідження
all hands-on experiences	весь практичний досвід
to orchestrate	організувати
to involve	залучати
noteworthy scientists	визначні вчені
extensive	просторий
observational evidence	дані спостережень
to contribute	робити внесок
misconception	неправильне уявлення
exploitation	використання
to blend	змішуватися, зливатися
to explore	досліджувати
to associate science with experimentation	асоціювати науку з експериментуванням
to accompany	супроводити
to be labeled	давати назву
a cause and effect relationship	причинно-наслідковий зв'язок
establishment	заснування, встановлення
the inability to control variables	нездатність контролювати змінні
to solve a technology challenge	вирішувати технологічну проблему
to derive	походити, діставати
to perform experiments	проводити експерименти
the pursuit of knowledge	прагнення до знань
applied science	прикладна наука
the quest of pure science	пошук чистої науки
to pursue any goal	здійснювати цілі
premise	передумова
constraints of time	обмеження за часом
a solitary pursuit	самостійне заняття
the revelation of truth	розкриття істини

Unit 6: Beauty in Science

Beauty is the first test: there is no permanent place in the world for ugly mathematics. Godfrey Harold Hardy

WARM-UP

1. Do the science quiz to find out how much you know.

   1 Lizards belong to which animal group? amphibians reptiles invertebrates mammals	Entomology is the scientific study of: internal organs insects lichens trees
   2 The nucleus of an atom consists of: electrons neutrons protons and neutrons protons, neutrons and electrons	How many legs do insects have? 4 6 Some have 6, some have 8 8
   Sharks and rays are different from other fish in that they: have live young rather than lay eggs have cartilage but no bones are warm-blooded have eyelids so they can blink their eyes	Some soils hold water better than others. The difference is caused by: the heaviness of the grains of soil the size of the grains of soil the size of the spaces between the grains of soil the temperature of the water as it enters the soil
   Prehistoric man and dinosaurs lived at the same time: true false	Grouping or organizing objects into categories based on their characteristics is called: classifying them comparing them contrasting them
   Grass appears green because: It absorbs green light It reflects green light back to your eyes It reflects red light back to your eyes	An android is a robot that: is made to resemble a human in some way was built by a machine or other robots can make decisions or think for itself to some extent has been built to perform multiple tasks
   A mineral is a natural crystalline solid that formed from geological processes. Which of the following is not an example of a mineral? a diamond wood gold salt	Which statement is true of cats? Both big and small cats can purr, but only some large cats can roar. Only big cats can roar while only small cats can purr. Only house cats can purr. Only house cats are incapable of roaring.
   The most abundant element in the universe is: helium hydrogen carbon silicon	The asteroid belt is located between: Mars and Jupiter Earth and Mars Jupiter and Saturn Venus and Earth
   The ozone layer protects us from too much: carbon dioxide gamma radiation ultraviolet radiation temperature fluctuation	An igneous rock is one: that formed as a result of temperature or pressure that formed from deposition of sediments which formed from cooled magma that fell from space as meteorite

2. A group of children were asked to draw pictures of what scientists will be able to do in one hundred years. Work out what the child has tried to draw and what his/her reasoning might have been. Some of these are already a reality.

a mobile home, b back-rocket (for personal transport), c a tree which you can grow anything on, d language glasses (for automatic translation), e square chickens (easier to slice and pack), f love, dreams and brains bottles (for instant love, choose-your-own-dreams, extra intelligence)

3. Do you agree or disagree with the quotations? Discuss them in pairs.

1. "Though science can cause problems, it is not by ignorance that we will solve them." Isaac Asimov

2. "Art is meant to disturb. Science reassures." Georges Braque

3. "The most remarkable discovery ever made by scientists was science itself." Jacob Bronowski

READING

4. Underline the stressed sound in each word as in the example.

evidence, elementary, coordinates, to exhibit, electromagnetic, to quantify, primordial, relative.

5. Mark the following statements true (T) or false (F). Compare your answers with a partner, then read the text "A thing of beauty" and check your answers.

1. Beauty in a mathematical theory often reveals features of nature. (t)

2. Both, art and science, view the notion of beauty as entirely subjective. (f)

3. If an equation or a theory is not supported by experiment, it is usually wrong. (f)

4. A theory’s mathematical structure should show a symmetry between left and right. (t)

5. Four fundamental forces of our world appeared in a result of a broken primary symmetry. (t)