28. You argue with your friends that English is an imperial language and it will be dominant next 10 years. Your friends don't agree with you. Give your reasons.

29. Work in small groups. Match the phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents. Look at the phrases and explain in what context the word "language" can be used.

    1	a technical language	h	спеціальна мова
    2	an artificial language	e	штучна мова
    3	a programming language	k	комп'ютерна мова
    4	a world language	b	міжнародна мова
    5	a living language	a	жива мова
    6	a foreign language	j	іноземна мова
    7	a dead/an extinct language	i	мертва мова
    8	a universal language	c	універсальна мова
    9	a national language	d	державна мова
    10	an analytic language	g	аналітична мова
    11	a formal language	f	офіційна мова

30. Can Esperanto be used for science purposes. Give your reasons.

31. Work in small groups. The students of your group have found out some information about the different roles of German, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Hebrew in various times (see Further Reading, UNIT 2, "Later Lingua Franca"). Share this information with your fellowmates.

32. You are a professor at Oxford University. The topic of your lecture is: "The Role of English in Science". Be ready to talk about it. Use information from the text "Imperial English: The Language of Science" and "Language and Science" (see Further Reading, UNIT 2).

33. Do you know about most frequently viewed questions related to English? Find such questions on the Internet or in Further Reading to Unit 2. Share this information with your fellowmates.

34. Work in small groups. You need to prepare some information about five events that shaped the history of English. Use the Internet resources. Then tell your groupmates about the results of your research.

LISTENING

35. You are going to listen to some information "Lingua Franca: Many Languages for Many Different Roles." Then say if the following statements are true or false.

1. The origin of "lingua franca" is Italian. T

2. Greek was the first lingua franca. T

3. When the Roman Empire conquered the world only Latin dominated. F

4. The official language of the Vatican was Greek. F

5. Those people who traded with the Islamic Empire used Arabic. T

6. The scientists should represent their papers in English for international audience. T

36. Complete the sentences.

1. The definition of lingua franca is a common language used by people who normally speak other languages.

2. Before the rise of Rome, Greek was the language of educated men.

3. Alexander conquered most of the "known" world.

4. Monasteries had precious libraries of Latin scrolls.

5. Arabic is also a language gaining in use on the Internet.

37. Try to retell the text.

WRITING

38. Work in small groups. Create a crossword for your fellowmates using information of the text "Imperial English: The Language of Science".

39. You've found some information "Language and Science" on the Internet. Read this information and write your own comments (see Further reading, UNIT 2).

40. Fill in the gaps with one or two words.

1. English is a widely distributed language originating in England.

2. English is currently the primary language of several countries.

3. It is extensively used as a second language and as an official language in many other countries.

4. English is the most widely taught and understood language in the world, and sometimes is described as a lingua franca.

5. Although Modern Standard Chinese has more mother-tongue speakers (approximately 700 million), English is unquestionably used by more people as a second or foreign language, putting the total number of English-speakers worldwide at well over one billion.

6. An estimated 354 million people speak English as their first language. Estimates about second language speakers of English vary greatly between 150 million and 1.5 billion.

7. It has been one of the official languages of the United Nations since its founding in 1945.

PROBLEM-SOLVING