- •4G02010000(430eOooooo)-274____gl8_8g а— ' 001(01)—вё
- •For the first time — впервые, в первый раз
- •World-known — всемирно известный
- •Side by side with — наряду с
- •I6x1017 — sixteen (multiplied by ten to the) seventeenth (power)
- •On the order of the day — на повестке дня
- •To make the sun heat — заставить солнце согревать
- •According to — в соответствии с
- •In fact — на самом деле, фактически
- •But rather — а скорее
- •Io keep watch over — наблюдать за
- •To make it possible — делать возможным
- •1. Dates from long ago — возникла давно 2„ as far as in — еще в 3. Up till — вплоть до
- •To make a contribution — внести вклад
- •To win recognition — получить призвание
- •To put into practice — осуществлять
- •In the same way — таким же образом
- •Moving pictures — (движущиеся) изображения
- •1. What actually goes on — что, фактически, происходит
- •Marie curie and the discovery of radium
- •Subterranean — подземный (от лат. Terra — земли)
- •Blocks of flats — многоквартирные дома
- •1, Northern-most points — самые северные точки
- •2. On a lattice-like metal support — на металлической подставке в виде решетки
- •In step with — зд. Одновременно
- •To be in progress — sd. Происходить
- •Which were undreamt of —- о которых и не мечтали
- •On behalf of science — во имя науки
- •Something like that — или около этого
- •So are most metals — а также и большинство металлов
- •The site of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research —местонахождение Объединенного института ядерных исследований
- •In effect — фактически
- •Thus keeping the reaction going — таким образом продолжая реакцию
- •The white-hot operating temperature — рабочая температура
- •To come into being — появиться
- •To show oneself to advantage — оказаться полезным, выгодным
- •1. Hard armour of nitride — твердое нитрндное покрытие
- •Will be accessible — станет доступной
- •Side by side with — наряду с
- •On request — по требованию
- •Thin Him properties — свойства тонкой пленки
- •To simulate — ад. Моделировать, создавать
- •Silver nitrate — азотнокислое серебро
- •It is ten times the size — в десять раз больше
- •A measure of response — мера чувствительности
- •To display remarkable ability in science — проявить блестящие способности в науке
- •The "Principia" — «Начала»
- •Are true to this day — не потеряли своего значения до сегодняшнего дня
- •Minute porous cavities — крошечные пористые пустоты
- •Self-lubricating characteristic — свойство, обеспечивающее ca-мосмазыванне деталей
- •Invisible wire
- •2. Tensile strength — технический предел прочности на разрыв
- •Incandescent lamp — лампа накаливания
- •"Cold" daylight lamp — «холодная» лздша дневного света
- •1. To come to Hie again — возродиться what is an electron?
- •To result in an acceleration — вызывать ускорение
- •1. Knuckle-heads — вд. Тупоголовые 2 to click t
- •Didn't know any better! — He придумала ничего лучше!
- •"The spirit is willing, but the iiesh is weak." — .«Дух бодр, да плоть немощна»..
- •1. "Ether towns" — «небесные города»
- •Laboratory compartment — лабораторный отсек
- •Celestial body — небесное тело
- •I. To come to know — узнать
- •The answer was not long In coming — ответ не заставил себя ждать
- •To be sure — быть уверенным
- •In fact — в самом деле
- •In general — вообще
- •Is it worth while...? —- стоит ли...?
- •It makes no difference — не имеет значения
- •As well as — так же как
- •By chance — случайно
- •To treat — относиться
- •By all means — непременно
- •I admire you still more — я восхищаюсь Вами еще больше
- •To lose the presence of mind — терять присутствие духа
- •To regard as revenge — считать местью
- •2. When he happened — когда ему случалось
- •Absent-minded — рассеянный
- •Never mind — зд. Ничего
- •At last — наконец
- •You'd better — вам бы лучше
- •1. Narrows down and becomes infinitely small — сужается и c№
- •2. Point of view — точка зрения
- •The Academic Board — ученый совет
- •He used to be always silent — он обычно молчал
- •To bear — выносить, вынести
- •Vice versa — лат. Наоборот
- •To be on sale — продаваться
- •To sell well — хорошо распродаваться 3". In competition to — конкурируя с higher and further education 1 in britain
- •The undergraduate course — последний год обучения в университете
- •Degree examination — экзамен на степень
- •Honours degree — степень с отличием; Pass degree — степень без отличия
- •Learned societies — научные общества
- •Production engineering — организация производственного процесса
- •Human sciences — гуманитарные науки
- •Undisciplined-looking buildings — здания, расположенные беспорядочно
- •Double-decker — двухэтажный автобус
- •You need eyes all round your head — надо смотреть во все глаза
- •The Pool of London —Лондонский бассейн, старейшая часть порта и доков
- •"Water-rats" — морские воры (букв, водяные крысы)
- •To pick at them — зд. Стащить что-нибудь
- •Cable operated — двигались по кабелю
- •Tube — метрополитен (в Лондоне); "Twopenny Tube" — двухпенсовая подземка
- •A night out at a theatre — вечер, проведенный в театре
- •For hours — в течение нескольких часов
- •Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) — Рейнольде, Джошуа — выдающийся английский портретист
- •Free of charge —• бесплатно
- •Makes some men feel annoyed — sd. Вызывает у некоторых людей раздражение
- •Esq. Сокр. От esquire — эсквайр (дворянское звание, присваивается также мэрам и старшему чиновничеству)
- •An otherwise dispassionate race — во всем другом совершенно бесстрастной нации
- •English people as they are
1. Knuckle-heads — вд. Тупоголовые 2 to click t
Jo clack } ВД^кать- WTb
clack-click" \ слова, воспроизводящие пощелкивание, изда-clickety-clacks / ваемое машиной
Didn't know any better! — He придумала ничего лучше!
ram — гидравлический таран; другое значение этого слова — баран
"The spirit is willing, but the iiesh is weak." — .«Дух бодр, да плоть немощна»..
FROM "VOSTOK" ТО "ETHER TOWNS" *
In the more than 25 years since Yuri Gagarin's flight Soviet space science and engineering have come a long way. Over 2,000 spacecraft of scientific and national economic significance have been put into orbit since the space era began.
The Soviet Union leads in many spheres of space research. The most important achievements include work on orbital stations, notably the organization of prolonged expeditions. The longest expedition so far lasted 326 days on the Mir station. More than sixty Soviet cosmonauts have worked in orbit, many of them more than once.
Nine cosmonauts from the socialist countries taking part in the Intercosmos programme, as well as representatives of France, India and Syria, have worked in orbit with Soviet cosmonauts.
Second-generation orbital stations have made a major contribution to the development of space science, engineering, medicine, biology, astronomy and other sciences. The Salyut-6 station was in space for five years. Nearly half of this time it was manned. In 1982 its mission was taken over by the Salyut-7.
The emergence of a third-generation station, Mir, is a new major stride in the development not only of Soviet but also world cosmonautics. At the Mir station the motion control processes have been automated to the maximum, the capacity of the solar batteries has been increased, and more comfortable conditions provided for work and recreation, which is particularly important on long flights.
With the help of the Mir station it will be possible to assemble in orbit a large complex from separate units capable of functioning both as part of the station and autonomously. In principle this makes it possible to assemble objects of any size and any purpose in space: research laboratories and factories. Not everything must be simplified, but in general this approach is applicable also in the creation of whole space settlements, "ether towns", mentioned by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.
The science and engineering of our time provide the possibility of ensuring abundance on earth and creating material conditions for the flourishing of society and the advancement of the individual. These are the lofty goals which scientific and technological progress, including that in cosmonautics, must work towards.
A MACHINE SHOULD WORK, AND A MAN — THINK
Note
1. "Ether towns" — «небесные города»
NEW STOREY FOR SPACE HOUSE The first specialized space module Kvant took off from the Baikonur launching site. It took it five days to catch up with the Mir station. The Proton carrier rocket delivered to the near-earth orbit two coupled vehicles: the module and the functional auxiliary block (FAB) with a total weight over 20 tons.
After docking to the Mir complex and checking the auxiliary systems of the module the FAB withdraws, releasing the passive docking unit of the module. Thus, one vehicle has two docking units—active and passive. The active unit links up with the Mir. Manned spaceships and Progress-type cargo ships can dock to the passive unit.
The module is 5.8 m long and 4.15 m in diameter. It has a mass of over 11 tons. It consists of a laboratory compartment 1 with the transfer chamber and research equipment compartment. Inside the laboratory compartment there are the instrument and living sections divided only by interior panels. The module is supplied with a digital computer and two more computers.
The first module is actually a specialized scientific laboratory for conducting astrophysical research. Four powerful X-ray telescopes will enable scientists to study celestial bodies 2 beyond the boundaries of our Galaxy, Of special interest are quasars, pulsars and "black holes'*!. Their observation will be carried out also with the ultraviolet band telescope complex, known as Glazar.
Experts from the Soviet Union, the Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, the European Space Agency and Switzerland took part in designing and making X-ray equipment.
Thus, the construction of the large orbital complex has started. The Mir has six docking units. In the future there will be an opportunity to link Sour more modules. An assembled space station will look like a gigantic rotating cross. It will have an impressive size: 40 m long and 30 m wide. The mass of the complex will be over 100 tons.
Notes