- •Аннотация
- •Содержание
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Answer the questions
- •III. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •V. Agree or disagree with the statements
- •VI. Prepare a summary of the text
- •VII. Retell the summary grammar: complex object
- •Exercises
- •Не did it. They saw it. - They saw him do it.
- •Additional study: world’s wonders
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •The Pharos was a tower of white marble built 270 вс. Of all the Seven Wonders of the world only the pyramids have endured to modern times.
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Make a test
- •V. Retell the text unit 2 lexical material: construction works
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •V. Put all types of questions to the sentence
- •VI. Retell the text grammar: complex subject
- •Exercises
- •It is believed that the poem was written by Byron.
- •Additional study: the history of architecture
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •II. Give translation of the following words and phrases:
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •Unit 3 lexical material: history of construction
- •Vocabulary
- •Introduction – внедрение, введение
- •Inventor – изобретатель
- •II. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •V. Agree or disagree with the statements
- •VI. Put all types of questions to the sentences
- •VII. Retell the text grammar: mood
- •Exercises
- •If he were attentive, he would not make many mistakes.
- •If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.
- •If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.
- •Additional study: modern architecture
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •II. Give translation of the following words and phrases:
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •V. Make up dialogues on the following situations:
- •VI. On the basis of the text “Modern architecture” you are to write your own composition
- •VII. Retell your composition unit 4 lexical material: building mechanisms
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •Vocabulary
- •Industry – промышленность
- •Interval – промежуток
- •II. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •V. Put all types of questions to the following sentences
- •VI. Make up dialogues on the following situations
- •VII. Make up a summary of the text
- •VIII. Retell the text “Building mechanisms” using the text grammar: compound sentences
- •The Compound Sentence
- •Разбор сложно-сочинённого предложения
- •Analysis of a Compound Sentence
- •Exercises
- •Additional study: building’s history
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •Vocabulary
- •Invention – изобретение
- •Industry – промышленность
- •Various – различный
- •II. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •V. Put all types of questions to the sentences
- •VI. Retell the text unit 5 lexical material: bridge and tunnel buildings
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Make up your own examples with the vocabulary
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •V. Find in the text information about:
- •VI. Make up dialogues on the following situations
- •VII. Make up a summary of the text
- •VIII. Retell the text grammar: sequence of tenses
- •Exercises
- •Mother told me that she needed to talk to me.
- •Образец: Helen said, "Where do you live?" - Helen asked where I lived.
- •Additional study: canals
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •II. Give translation of the following words and phrases:
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Say what is right and what is wrong and why
- •V. Find in the text the most important information about:
- •VI. Retell the text “Interesting facts about canals” unit 6 lexical material: concrete panels
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •II. Give translation of the following words and phrases:
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •Grammar: reported speech
- •Exercises
- •She says, "I have to go." - She says (that) she has to go.
- •Не asks, "Are you ready to go out?" -He asks if I am ready to go out.
- •Не asks, "Where has she gone?" - He asks where she has gone.
- •Additional study: curtain walling
- •I. Read and translate the text
- •II. Give translation of the following words and phrases:
- •III. Answer the questions
- •IV. Complete the sentences
- •V. Put all types of questions to the sentences
- •VI. Make up dialogues
- •A curtain walling specialist is being interviewed by the reporter about curtain walling in general;
- •A student is having a practice on a curtain walling factory and asks the chief engineer about curtain wailing’s properties;
- •The student is passing a test and tells his teacher about fastening devices and fire resistance
- •VII. Retell the text список используемых материалов литература
- •Интернет источники
Vocabulary
purpose – цель
owner – владелец
basement - фундамент, основание; подвал
beam - балка, балансир
cause - и причина, сторона
coat - покрытие, слой (краски)
to commission - пускать в эксплуатацию
contractor – подрядчик
designed performance - проектная мощность
foundation - основание, фундамент
framework - конструкция, структура
girder - поясная балка, прогон
precommissioning works - предпусковые работы
spare parts - запасные части
timber - «лесоматериал, строевой лес, балка
turnkey - строительство "под ключ"
II. Make up your own sentences with the vocabulary
III. Answer the questions
What purpose is the natural stone used for?
What are the buildings made of stone and brick?
Should the coverings tie the walls?
What must every building be?
What are the main parts of a building?
What are their functions?
What kind of facilities is constructed on a turnkey basis?
What are the responsibilities of the contractor?
Why is a turnkey contract a long-term undertaking?
How is a turnkey contract usually won?
What can the Completion Certificate tell us about?
What building professions have you come across in the text?
IV. Complete the sentences
The first houses were built for …
The building erected now can be …
The natural stone (rubble masonry) is used for …
… are called floors.
The interior should be planned to …
… is called plumbing.
… is the framework.
Walls are built to …
Turnkey construction is …
The contractor begins …
V. Put all types of questions to the sentence
Roofs cover the building and protect it from exposure to the weather.
The contractor begins the commissioning immediately after the engineer does the issue of the Completion Certificate.
Turnkey contracts are always long-term undertakings involving several parties.
VI. Retell the text grammar: complex subject
Неопределенно – личным местоимениям русского языка в английском соответствуют пассивные обороты, как, например:
EXAMPLE: It is said that Говорят, что …
It is supposed that Предполагается, что …
Сложное подлежащее состоит из существительного в общем, падеже или местоимения в именительном падеже и глагола (обычно в страдательном залоге) + инфинитив. Оборот сложное подлежащее переводится на русский язык придаточным предложением:
EXAMPLE: He is said to be a good specialist.
Говорят, что он хороший специалист.
В обороте «сложное подлежащее» могут употребляться такие глаголы, как: to see, to hear, to say, to expect, to think, to report, to suppose, to believe, to consider, to know, to appear, to happen и т.д.
EXAMPLE: He is said to know six languages.
Говорят, что он знает шесть языков.
Не was said to know six languages.
Говорили, что он знает шесть языков.
Не is said to have gone to London.
Говорят, что он уехал в Лондон.
Не was said to have gone to London.
Говорили, что он уехал в Лондон.