The Compound Sentence

Сочинение предложений в английском языке производится следующим образом:

1) Посредством союзов and, or, but, either... or, neither ... nor, yet, still, for:

EXAMPLE: He turned, and Lena thought he was really going away, but he stopped and came back.

Take this, please, or I shall give it to somebody else.

Either you write the letter or I have to do it — but the letter must be written.

We were willing to wait, for George was not often late.

Neither did they go to Leningrad, nor did she come to them.

2) Бессоюзным способом — посредством интонации (asyndetically):

EXAMPLE: He was very tired; his face was pale and worn.

The wind was fresh and -strong; clouds were flying fast.

Разбор сложно-сочинённого предложения

EXAMPLE: The sky was blue and clear, and the winds were silent.

Предложение: сложно-сочинённое, повествователь­ное, утвердительное, состоит из двух самостоятельных пред­ложений, связанных сочинительным союзом and.

1-е предложение: The sky was blue and clear.

Предложение: простое, нераспространённое, повест­вовательное, утвердительное.

Подлежащее: the sky (существительное в единствен­ном числе, общий падеж).

Сказуемое: was blue and clear — составное ска­зуемое (глагол-связка be в прошедшем времени един­ственного числа; предикативный член (именная часть) — два прилагательных, связанных союзом and).

2-е предложение: The winds were silent.

Предложение: простое, нераспространённое, повествовательное, утвердительное. Подлежащее: the winds (существительное во множественном числе, общий падеж).

Сказуемое: were silent — составное сказуемое (гла­гол-связка be в прошедшем времени множественного числа, предикативный член — прилагательное).

Analysis of a Compound Sentence

EXAMPLE: The sky was blue and clear, and the winds were silent.

Sentence: Compound, declarative, affirmative, consists of two independent clauses joined by means of the coor­dinate conjunction and.

1st Clause: The sky was blue and clear.

Sentence: Simple, unextended, declarative, affirmative.

The Subject (what?): the sky (a noun in singular, Common Case).

The Predicate (what was the subject?): was blue and clear —a compound predicate (link-verb be, Past Inde­finite Singular; predicative — two adjectives joined by the conjunction and).

2nd Clause: The winds were silent.

Sentence: Simple, unextended, declarative, affirmative.

The Subject (what?): the winds (a noun in plural, Common Case).

The Predicate (what was the subject?): were silent — a compound predicate (link-verb be, Past Indefinite, plural; predicative — an adjective).

Exercises

EXERCISE 1. Analyze the following compound sentences:

1. The swallow's friends had gone away to Egypt, but he had stayed behind.

2. Sasha split the wood, and his sister piled it.

3. The boys played games, Mother sewed, and Father read aloud.

4. The fence was already whitewashed, and Tom could play with the boys.

EXERCISE 2. Join the following sentences by means of coordinate conjunctions:

1. It was raining hard; the wind was cold and piercing.

2. He didn't know I could read French; he never asked me to help him.

3. Please hurry; we shall be late.

4. We called on him; he was not at home.

EXERCISE 3. Fill in the blanks with one of the conjunctions or adverbs for, but, however, still, yet:

1. I could not make a report — I had not read the book.

2. We don't like that boy; — we shall invite him to the party if you want us to.

3. Dr. Harte was scarcely able to walk; — he answered

the call for help.

4. The keepers protested, — the chief of the group did

not want to listen to them.

5. They were sorry for the little kitten; — they thought

it ought to be punished.

EXERCISE 4. Make compound sentences by combining the following groups of clauses:

1. Some girls talk a great deal. They say nothing.

2. You may take the magazine. Don't forget to bring it back.

3. Let us go at once. It is very late already.

4. It was a very hard time. The boy kept working all the time.

5. We at last found the right path. After that our journey was easy.

6. Everyone said we could win the race. We were not so sure of it.

EXERCISE 5. Analyze the following complex sentences:

1. Не couldn't come because he was ill.

2. The man whom we met yesterday is my teacher.

3. When she came home she was tired and hungry.

4. The boy pretended that he was very glad.