Inconclusion,Ithinkthatcitylifecanbeparticularlyappealingtoyoungpeople,who

liketheexcitementofthecityanddon'tmindthenotseandpollution.However,manypeo­ple,whentheygetolder,andparticularlywhentheyhaveyoungchildren,oftenpreferthepeaceandfreshairofthecountryside.

Classdiscussion

r

Ex.1ListtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoflivinginacityandinavillageI

asmalltown

·-------------.--------------------......

AdvantagesoflivingInalargecity Advantagesoflivinginavillageorasmalltown

Ex.2Readthedialogueandtick(V)thepointsthespeakersmadewhichwerethesameasyours.Thenaddtheotherpointstheymadetoo.Discusswithyourgroupmateswhatyouenjoyaboutlivinginyourowncity,townorvillagewhereyouwouldprefertoliveandwhy.

Ted: Hi,Pat,Wehaven'tseenyouforawhile.

Pat:Hi,I'vejustgotbackfromNewYork.Whatawonderfulcity!I'dreallylovetolivethere.Haveyoueverbeenthere,Ted?

Ted: No,Iwouldn'twantto.Ican'tthinkofanywhereI'dwanttohveless.I'veheardallaboutItanditsoundsabsolutelyterrible-somuchcrimeandviolence.Didyougetrobbedwh1feyoustayedthere,Pat?

_I

276 _J

Pat:

Ted:

Marty:

Ted:Marty:Ted:

Pat:

Marty:

Ted:

Marty:

Ofcourse,not.Aslongasyoutakecareanddon'tgoanywhereyoushouldn'tgo.youaresafe.WhatIreallyloveaboutcitiesisthattherearesomanydifferentkindsofpeopletosee,andsomanydifferentthingstodo.It'simpossibletogelboredImean,whateveryourintereststhere'ssomethingtodo:entertainments.artisticevents.museums-younameit,it'sthere.

No,I'dratherliveinasmallvillagewhereeveryoneknowseveryoneelse,and

peopletalktoeachother.andtheyhelpeachotherout.Inacitynobodyknowswhoyouare-everybodyisinahurry,andnobodyhasthetimetobefnendly.IknowMartyagreeswithme.don'tyou?

Well.uptoapointIdo.ButIthinkyouaregeneralizingabit.Somevillagesare

fullofunfriendlypeopleandsomecitiesarefulloffriendlypeople.Italldepends.Ifyouliveinacityandwanttobealoneanddon'twanttosoc1allze.youcandothatNobodywillmindifyoukeepyourselftoyourself.Butifyoutrydoingthatinavillage.peoplewillcallyouunfriendlyandunsociableandthey'llmakelifedifficultforyou

Well,yeahI'lltellyouwhattheworstthmgofallis...What'sthat,Ted?

Thetrafficandthepublictransport.Now,I'dhatetoliveinaplacewhereyoujusthavetosqueezeontoabusoranundergroundtra1njusttogetanywhere.Oh.yeah.Undergroundtrainsareterrible,aren'tthey?

Idoagreeaboutthetraffic,butthesubwayinNewYorkisreallythebestwayto

getaroundanditdoesn'tmatterifyouaresquashedtogetherbecauseyouknowyoucangetanywhereyouwantinjustafewminutes.

Idohavetoagreethatcitiesareexcitingplacestolivein...Notlikeavillagewherenothinggoesonfromoneweektothenext

Butthat'sthewholepo1nt.asfarasI'mconcerned,that'sexactlywhatmakesa

v1llagesogreattolive1n,thepeaceandqUiet.

Well,Ihavethebestofbothworlds.IliveinasmalltownwhichiswithineasyreachofLondonandit'sveryclosetothecountry.

_{GettingAroundtheCity}

Ex.3TheparagraphsinthisInstructionmanualaboutthesafestwaytocrossroadshavebecomemixedup.Putthenumbers1to6intheboxestomakethecorrectsequence.

THEGREENCROSSCODE

0FIRSTFINDASAFEPLACETOCROSS,THENSTOP.

Itissafertocrossatsubways,footbridges,islands,zebraandpel1cancrossingsorwherethereISapoliceoff1cer,schoolcross1ngpatroloratrafficwarden

Ifyoucan'tfindanygoodcrossingplacesl1kethese,chooseaplacewhereyoucanseeclear1yalongtheroadsinalldirections.TrynottocrossbetweenparkedcarsAlwaysSTOPatthekerbtogiveyourselflotsoftimetohaveagoodlookallround.

277

0STANDONTHEPAVEMENTNEARTHEKERB.

Don'tstandneartheedgeofthepavementIfthereisnopavement,standbackfrom

theedgeoftheroadbutwhereyoucanstillseetrafficcoming.

0LOOKALLROUNDFORTRAFFICANDLISTEN.

Trafficmaybecomingfromanydirection,sotakecaretolookalongeveryroad,and

listentoo,becauseyoucansometimesheartrafficbeforeyoucanseeit

0IFTRAFFICISCOMING,LETITPASS.LOOKALLROUNDAGAIN.

Ifthereisanytrafficnear,let1tgopast.Thenlookroundagainandl1stentomakesurenoothertrafficiscoming.

0WHENTHEREISNOTRAFFICNEAR,WALKSTRAIGHTACROSSTHEROAD

Ifthereissomethinginthedistance,donotcrossunlessthereisplentyoftimetoreachtheotherside.

_{0KEEPLOOKINGANDLISTENINGFORTRAFFICWHILEYOUCROSS.}

Onceyouareintheroad,keeplookingandlisteningincaseyoudidnotseesometraf­

fic-orincaseothertrafficsuddenlyappears.

AskingtheWay

Ex.4ReadtheconversationsbelowInpairs,thenmakeupdialoguesbyanalogy.ThinkofsomedestinationsInyourcity.

-Excuseme.CanyoutellmewhereSouthStreetis,pleese?

-Isitfar?

-Manythanks.

-Takethesecondontheleftandthenaskagain.

-No,ifsonlyaboutfiveminutes'walk.

_-Notatall.

278

-Excuseme,please.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?

-Willittakem-elongtoget

there?

_-Thankyou.

-TumroundandtumleftatthetraffiClights.

-No,it'snodistanceatall.

That'sOK.

-Excuseme,butI'mtryingtofindtheTownHall.

-ShouldItakeabus?

-Thankyouverymuchin-deed.

-Excuseme,please.

Coutdyoutellmehowtogettothetowncenter?

-Isittoofartowalk?

-Takethethirdontherightandgostraighton.

-No,youcanwalkitinunderfiveminutes.

-Thafsquiteallright.

-Firstright,secondleft.

Youcan'tmissit.

-No,lfsonlyacoupleofhundredyards.

_{-lsapleasure.}

279

SkillDeveloping

Askingforandgivingdirections

Ex.5

StudentA

TakeitinturnswithStudentBtoaskforandgivedirectionsusingthestreetplanontheoppositepage.

Youwantdirectionsforthefollowingplaces(inthisorder):

FROM ^TO

1.thestation thepolicestation

2. ^{thepolicestation theboutique}

3.theboutique ^{thepostoffice}

4.thepostoffice themuseum

5.themuseum therestaurant

WhenStudentBgtvesyoudirections,writethename(e.g.PoliceStation)ontheap­

propriatebuilding.

ThenamesofthebuildingsonthestreetplanoppositearetheplacesStudentBwantsdirectionsto.HeIsheisgoingtoaskdirectionsforthefollowingplaces(inthisorder):

IFROM ^TO

^{1 thestation} thebank

2. thebank thebookshop

^{3.thebookshop} theGrandHotel

^{4.theGrandHotel} thedrugstore

^5. thedrugstore thecoffeebar

Askforandgivedirectionsalternately.Youstart.Whenyouaskfordirections,youcansay:

Excuseme,

cou\dyou\e\6methewaytocanyoutellmehowtogetto

(themuseum).

please?

Whenyouhavefinished,comparestreetplanstocheckthatyouhavewrittenthenamesofthevariousbuildingsInthecorrectplaces.

280

_{Youmayusethefollowing:}

'Tnk!-tfiefirstkjt.

You'{{see....oppositeyou.

nyoureacli...hlmrigfit.

Crosstfzeroadantftlien...

'[ak._etliesecarufrigfit.

STAAT

HEAE

:JoUowthestreetuntiL..It'sjusttotftefejtof...

yopastthe....andt:lien...Youcan'tmissit.

yostraigfitonuntif...

281

StudentB

TaketnturnswithStudentAtoaskforandgivedirectionsusingthestreetplanontheoppositepage.

Youwantdirectionsforthefollowingplaces(inthisorder):

_{FROM TO}

1.	thestation	thebank
2.	thebank	thebookshop
3.	thebookshop	theGrandHotel
4.	theGrandHotel	thedrugstore
5.	thedrugstore	thecoffeebar

WhenStudentAgivesyoudirections,wrrtethename(e.g.Bank)ontheappropriatebuilding.

ThenamesofthebuildingsonthestreetplanoppositearetheplacesStudentAwantsdirectionsto.HeIsheisgoingtoaskdirectionsforthefollowingplaces(inthisorder):

^{FROM TO}

1.	thestation	thebank
2.	thebank	thebookshop
3.	thebookshop	theGrandHotel
4.	theGrandHotel	thedrugstore
5.	thedrugstore	thecoffeebar

Askforandgivedirectionsalternately.StudentAstarts.Whenyouaskfordirections,youcansay:

Excuseme,

colidyoutalmethewaytocanyoutelmehowtogetto

(bank),

please?

282

_{Youmayusethefollowing:}

_{'lakJthefirst(ejt.}

9'ou'{[see....oppositeyou.

<W/ieuyoureacfi...tumrigfit.

Crosstfteroadaru{tfien...

'TakJtfresewnin'gfit.

STARTHalE

'}ofhwtirestreetuntt'f...

It'sjusttotftefejtof..

(jopasttfte....anatften...

Youca!l'tmissit.

(jostraigfitonuntiL..

283

Ex.6Readtheconversationsbelowinpairs,thenmalceupdialoguesbyanal·

ogy.ThlnlcofsomedestinationsInyourcity.

_OnaBus

-Doesthisbusgotothestation?

-Canyoutellmewheretogetoff?

-No,you'llhavetogetoffatthebank,andtakea192.

-It'sthenextstopbutone.

-AmIOKforStMary's

Church?

-Howmuchfurtherisit?

No,weonlygoasfarasthepari<,butyoucanwalkfromthere.

It'squiteawayyet,but

_{I'lltellyouingoodtime.}

-Havewegotmuchfurthertogo?

-No,you'regoingthewrongway.Youwanta143fromthechurch.

_{-It'sthenextstop.}

-Isthistherightbusforthe

TownHall?

-Couldyoutellmewhenwegetthere?

-No,youshouldhavecaughta12..Jumpoutatthebridgeandgetonethere.

_{-It's1tveesbpsafterthis}

one.

284

Ex.7Insertthedghtprepositions.

_{Londoncabbieshavethereputation(1)}

_{beingthebesttrainedtaxidrivers}

(2)theworld.TobecomeataxidriverinLondon,youhavetopassaverydifficultexamcalled"TheKnowledge".Thisisatest(3)thedriver'sknowledge(4)london-all1tsstreetsandmaJOrbu1ld1ngs.aswellaseveryclub.hospital,pol1cestationandlibrary.Itcantakeapersonup(5)threeyearstostudy(6)thisexam.

andthereSultISthatLondoncabb1escanusuallytakeyouanywhereyouwanttogo(7)

---themostdirectroute,andwithouthavingtolook(B)amap.Acabbiemustalsohaveamedicalexaminationandhavenocriminalconvictions.

_{Ex.8Puteachofthefollowingwordsinitscorrectplaceinthepassagebellow.}

fare	slidingdoors	platfom1	conductor	crew	cab
doub--decker	busstop	driver	rushhour	lube	destination
inspector	subway	!iff	hail	single-decker	tax1-rank
metro	coach	meter	escalator	conductress	check

ti^rack

Ataxi,sometimescalleda(1)isthemostcomfortablewaytotravel.Yousimply(2)thetaxiinthestreetorgotoa(3).wherethereareseveraltax1swa111ng.forexampleatastation.AttheendofyourJOurney,youcanseehowmuch!he(4)osbylookonga!!he(5)Youadda(6)

-=---,---,-tothis.andthat'sit.Verysimple.Butexpensive!

Whataboutlakingabus?Ifithastwofloors.it'scalleda(7) andyou

cangetagoodviewfromthetop.!fithasonlyonefloor,it'scalleda(8)--,--,.--Mostbuseshaveatwo·person(9)·the(10),whodrives,ofcourse,andthe(11),(or(12)ifit'sawoman)whotakesyourmoney.Keepyourticketbecausean(13)mightwantto(14)-,--,--,-it.Youcatchabusbywaitingata(15).Youcanseewhereabusisgoingbe-causethe(16)iswrittenonthefront.Buttrytoavoidthe{17)-,---,---,-----,-.

QuickerthanthebusIStheunderground(calledthe(18) inLondon.the

{19) 1nNewYorkandthe(20) inParisandmanyothercities)Youbuyyourticketatthe11cket·off1ce.Godowntothe{21) onthe(22)

orinthe(23) .Thetraincomes.The(24) open.YougetonYoulookatthemapoftheundergroundsystem.Verysimple.

_{For!angerdistancestakeatrainoralongdistancebus.usuallycalleda(25)}

^{=,.----·which1sslowerbutcheaperThetrainISveryfast.Putyourluggageonthe}

(26)andsitandwaittillyouarrioe.

_WordMeaning

Ex.9Explainthedifferencebetween...

acarriageandacompartment

aseasonticketandareturnticketabusdriverandabusconductor

285

aroadandastreetaroadandawaycrossroadsandacrossing

SkillDeveloping

Ex.10.

1.Explaintoyourparentswhocometovisityouhowtogetfromtherailwaystationtoyourhostel.

2. Givedirectionstoyourfriendonhowtogettoyourhomefromh1sIherplace.

_{3.TellthegrouphowyougettotheUniversity.}

4..._Thinkofaparticularplaceinyourcityandgivedirectionsonhowtoreachthatplace,notforgettingtogiveastartingpoint.Letyourfellowstudentsguesswhatdestination

youmean.

5. Rote-playthefollowingsituation.Youareatouristwhohasgotlostinaforeigncity.

Yourknowledgeofthenativelanguageislimited.Trytofindthewayout.

(jJMOTORING

_{FocusVocabulary}

toacceleratetobrake

tochangegear

toexceedthespeed

tohaveaflattyreBrEItireAmE

_toovertake

toreversetoskid

tospeedtosteer

toswerve

_i•

II ^{WordsinContext}

_i

^{I ADrivingTest}

Ex.1TrevorAndrewsIsanexaminerforpeoplewhotakedrivingtt$.Heisde­scribinghisexperienceswithtwolearnersInthetwotextsthatfollow.Readthemandth&nan•werthequestions.

Thetroubleis,yousee,thatyou'renotsupposedtotalktothedriversexcepttoavoidanaccident.TakeMrsBland,anicelady,but...Wedrovedowntothetrafficlightsallright,andIsaid,"Tumright,please,towarsMarketStreet".Sheturnedleft,andthenreal­isedshehadgoneinthewrongdirection.Acoachjustbehlndusbrakedsharply,andthedriversworeatuswhenheovertookus."Ialwayshaveproblemswithleftandright",Mrs

286

Blandsaid,aswecameuptotheroundaboutButImanagedtosteerhertoaquietroad,soshecouldreverseroundacorner.,mustkeepatthesamedistancefromthekerballthewayround.mydrivinginstructorsaid.shetoldme.Aswereachedthecorner.shesa1d,"Ohdear,we'vegonetoofar".Shewrenchedthesteeringwheelandwemountedthepavement.justasamancameoutofhisfrontgate.Therewasanawfulcrash,andIshutmyeyes.butwehadonlydriventhroughhisfence.AfterIhadlistenedtohiscom­Paints.ItoldherIwoulddriveherhome.-Havelfai,led?"shesaid_Shewasveryangry.Intheend,Iparkedoutsideherhouseandshewasst1llargu1ngThere'smyhusband,'shesaid_·voumustexplainwhathappened."SoIdid.Hewasquitereasonable,butwhenltumedround.Isawatrafficwardenwntingoutaparkingticket."Don'tyouseetheNoParkingsign?"hesaidAndyouadrivingexaminert"

1 Whydoyouthinkthecoachbehindbrakedsharply?

2.WhydoyouthinkTrevorwasworriedbywhatMrsBlandsaidastheyapproachedtheroundabout?

3.Whydidhechooseaquietroadforthefirstpracticaltest?

4.Whydidthecarmountthepavement?

5 HowdidTrevorgetaparkingticket?

MrHoggwasmuchworse,though.HehadhisownJaguar.withLplatesonit.Wetookthesameroute.Ididn'twanttogotoMarketStreetbecauseitwasgettingneartherushhourandMrHogglookedasifhewouldbeimpatientinatrafficjam.Butwhenheacceler­atedpastaminibusjustaswewereapproachingaforkintheroad.1begantoworry.Leftornght·hesa1d,swervingpastacyclist.Left",Isaid,watch1ngthecyclistinthemirrorashefeUoffhisbike.Weroaredoverazebracrossingandtwopedestnansjumpedbackontothepavementjustintime."SlowdownM,Isaid."you'reexceedingthespeedlimit."Really?"hesa1d,aswepassedalorrygoingintoabend."!thoughtitwas70onthemainroadoutoftown""No,that'sonthemotorway,"Isaidweakly.Innotime,wewereoutoftown.Icouldseeamotelaheadandalorryparkedinalay-by.Suddenly,thecarswervedvio­lently,andweskiddedtoahaltasheputonthebrakes.Therewasastrangenoise",hesaid.·Perhapswe'vegotaflatlyre"Hewasrightbutwhenwehadchangedthewheel.thecarwouldn'tstart.-vou'verunoutofpetrol",Isa1d.lookingatthegauge"Howsilly!"hesaid."IaskedmywifetofillupbeforeItookmytest"Westoodatthesideoftheroad,try­ingtoflagdownpassingmotorists.Theydidn'tstop.Theythoughtwewerehitch-hikers,hopmgtogetalift_Intheend.IcamebackbybusandsaidIwouldtellthenearestgarage.Itwasbetterthancomingbackwithhim,though.

_{1.WhydidMrHogg'scarhaveLplatesonit?}

2 WhydrdTrevorprefernottogotowardsMarketStreet?

3.WhywasMrHoggwrongtoacceleratepastthem1nibus?

4.Whydidthepedestriansjumpbackontothepavement?

5.Whatisthespeedlimitonthemoto!Way?

6 Whatdoyouthinkamotelis?Andwhatisalay-by?

7.WhydidthecarSkidtoahalt?

8.Whatdoyoudoifyouhaveaflattyre?

9 Whywouldn'tthecarstartaftertheyhadchangedthewheel?

10.Whyd1dtheytrytoflagdownmotorists,andwhydidn'tthemotonstsstop?

WordUse

Ex.2Completethesentences,usingthecorrectwordorphrasefromthoseyouhaveseenabove.Tohelpyou,thefirstletterofeachwordisgiven.Notethatfiveofthestatementsarefalse.Decidewhichstatementsarefalseandcorrectthem.

1.Never(1)o anothercarwhenapproachinga(2)b intheroad·b·-e-ca_u_s_e-yo_u_c_a-nnotseeoncomingtrafficandmayhaveahead-on(3)

_c

2 A(4)o:::-,:;----w.

_{same(5)d'--,.-----::---}

streetisonewhorealltrafficmustgointho

3_Theplacewheretheroadcrossesrailwaylinesiscalledajunction,or(6)

c

4.The(7)s I onmotorwaysinBritainis70milesperhour.

_{5.Whenyouseethe(8)t I changingfromgreentoamber,}

	(9)a	soyouWillgetthroughthembeforetheytumrod.
6.	The(10)r	h thetimewhenmostpeoplearegoingto

workorgoinghome.Thatiswhytherearesomany(11)t j-----

7.(12)T w givepeopleticketsifthey(13)P•-----wherertisnotallowed.

8.(14)H -h arepeoplewho(15)f-----d motoriststoaskthemtheway

9.Ifyougetapuncture(or(16)f t----youhavetochangothe

_{(17)W•-;::::-=::---:}

10_Whenlorrydriversgettired,theyusuallystopforatimeina(18)!, _

b .Somepeopleprefertospendthenightina(19)m'--,,----,---