II alookforaveryshorttime

tocatchaglimpseofsmthIsmb

Syn:look,glance

tosecsmbIsmthforamoment,butnotveryclearly.

heritage

inheritinheritancehighlight

highlight

historic

n

II

v

fl

adj

thehtstory,traditionsandqualittesthatacountryhashadformanyyears

cultural/nationalIhistoricalheritagetomheritfeaturesIproperty,etc.

topassthetitlebyinheritance.

toemphasizesmth

thebest.mostinterestingpartofsmth

• OneofthehighlightsofthetripwasseeingStonehenge.

importantinh1story

ah1stoncbuildingImonumentahistoricday/visitIevent

tobeofhistoricinterest

_{mhistorictimes}

267

---·---

historical	ad)	connectedwiththepastorwiththestudyofhistoryahistoricalbackgroundIcontext
		historicaldocumentsIresearch
		ahistoricalnovel/setting
historic1lly	adv	historicallyinaccurate
hub	n	thecentralandmostimportantpart Syn:centre,heart,focus
		tobeatthehubofthings
		ahubairport
		thecommercialhuboft.hecity
identify	v	1.torecognizeandrecollect
		2.tofind,discover
identit)'	n	(abbrlD,infmf)
		1.whoIwhatsmbis
		2.thecharacteristics,feelingsorbeliefsthatdistinguish

peoplefromothers

asenseofnationalidentity

anidentitycardIIDcard

identical ad) (toIwith)similarineverydetail

• ^{ThissystemisidenticaltotheoneusedinFrance.}

imposing adj impressivetolookat,makingastrongimpression

Syn:majestic,dignified

animposingbuildingIperson

^{inspire v} togivesmbthedesire,confidenceorenthusiasmtodosmthwell

^{inspired ad)} aninspiredpoetIperformance^{inspiring ad)} excitingandencouraging

aninspiringteacherIviewIbook,etc.

^inspiration n todrawinspirationfrom

landmark _{n smththatyoucanseeclearlyfromadistance}

_• ^{TheEmpireStateBuildingisafamiliarlandmarkonthe}

^{N(!l,vYorkskyline.}

alandmarkdecision

^landscape n I.Syn:scenery

_• ^{J\tfountainsdominatetheWelshlandscape.}

• ^{WestoppedtoadmireJhescenety.}

^{theruggedImountainousIdramaticlandscape}

alandscapearchitectalandscapegardener

_{2.apaintingofaviewofthecountryside}

₂₆₈

_..•

"

layout ^{thewaysmthisarranged}

thelayoutofstreets;thenewpagelayout

_{Syn:plan,arrangement,design}

luxury	II	I.athingthatisexpensiveandenjoyable 2.theenjoymentofspecialandexpensivethings
		Ant:poverty
		toliveinluxury
		tolivealifeofluxury
		aluxuryhotelIcarIhomeiflatIyacht
luxurious	adj	luxunoushotelsIsurroundings
luxuriant	m!i	growingthicklyandstronglyluxurianthair/vegetation
maintain	,,	I.Syn:preserve
		1QmaintatnorderIstandards,etc.
		2.tosuppor1financially
		Syn:keep
maintenance	II	themaintenanceofthebuilding
		themaintenanceofpeace
meander	I'	I.tocurve.tlot;wind
		• Thestreammea11dersdovntothesea. 2.towalkslowlyandchangedirectionoften,\Vander,twist
		tomeanderaroundatown
meandcr(ings)	11	themeanderImeanderingsofariverIpath
medieval	adj	connectedwiththeMiddleAges(AD1000-AD1450)
		medievalarchitectureIcastlesImanuscripts
motley	cu(j	consistingofmanydifferenttypes
		Syn:mixed,diverse
		amotleygroupIcollectionIcrew
obvious	adj	easytosecorunderstand
		Syn:clear,evident,apparent
		forobviousreasons

obviousl)' ^adv _• Qb,•iously.wearenotgoinganywhererhisweek.

outskirts ^{ll thepartsofatownIcitythatarcfarthestfromthecentreon}theoutskirtsofGlasgow

presen·e ^{v tokeepaparticularfeature,quality,etc:tokeepsmthinitsan}ginalstate

Syn:save.conserve,keep

269

presen·epreservation

remains

renownrenowned

reservereserveresist

resistanceresistant

retain

₂₇₀

nn

"

11

adj

vIIv

nadj

v

v

Ant:abandon,destroy

aperfectlypreserved14th-centuryhouse

topreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction

Am£anareaofprivatelandorwaterwhereanimalsandtish

arekeptforpeopletohunt

• Thepicfllreswereinagoodstaleofpreservmion.

thepartsofancientobjectsthathavesurvived

Syn:remnants,relicspre-historicremains

theremainsofaRomanfort

Thewoodsareremnantsofahuge.forest.

(fml)fameandrespect,glorytowinrenown

anartistofinternationalrenown

Syn:famous,respected,distinguished,glorious,noted,well­

known

• TheregionisrenownedforitsfinePersianrug.

• ShakespeareisrenownedasapoetandaplaywriKhl.

I.Syn:tobook

2.tokeepIstoresmthforsmb

awildlifereserve

agameInaturereserve

tofightbackwhenattacked

Syn:defy,confront

Ant:yield

toreistpressureIchangeItheenemytoresistinfectionIthecold

dislikeoroppositiontosmthresistanttodiseaseIchange

disease-resistantplants

(jinl)Syn:keep

retainfreedomIindependence

tomakesmthstartbeingusedordoneagamtoreviveacustomItradition/culture

Syn:renew,refresh

_L

^rc\i\'al _" ^{Syn:rena1ssance,rcnewaI}

^{arev1valofmtercstinfolkmus1c}

archg10us/culturalrev1valtoenJOYaredval

n•"ivalit ^{II rcvtvallststylesrideasrcviYalism} II Chnstianrevivalism

sacred wlj I.connectedwithGod

2.veryimportantandtreatedwithgreatrespect

Syn:holy

asc.\credtemplet'shnne.sac.redJnU'itC

scatter I' tothnmthmgsortomoveqUicklymdtffcrcntdtrcctJons

_{Ant:collect.gather}

_\cutler ^, _{ascatterofhousesonthehill}

'cauered ^{1/(lj scnncrcdvillageslsettlements}

SiJ!htS ^{11 interestingplacesthatarcvis1tedhytourists}

Syn:scenes.views

toclo!seethesights

"

sightsccin ^{togostghtscemg;todosomesightsccu1ga}Slg.htsccmgtouroftheclly

\ihtseer II toattractVISitorsandstghtsccrs

_{11irnilar wlj (to/1n)likesmthismbbutnotexactlythesame}

		Syn:ahke,omparablc Ant:different.diSSimilar
lmilurit)'	II	Syn:llkene,s,analogy Ant:ditTcrcnce.variance.dtsllncuon
		astnkmgsimilarity
similarly	ad1·	malmostthesameway
ilc	II	I.aplacewhereabuildtng,town,etcIS.:wasttuatcdthes1tcofa16th-centuryabbey
		theSiteofthebattle acnmping1caravansite
		2.(computer)awebsite

^{site I'} •^{T/t(!castleissitedhi!!httpm:aclft:}

'lkyline II theoutlmcofbuildings.trees,hills.etc.seenagaintLhcsky

ontheLoPdonskylinedomtnatetheskyline

271

spa ^{, aplacewherepeoplecanrelaxandimprovethearhealtha}spatownIresort;spawaters

• ^{Ahealthspaincludessauna,Turk1shbathandfitness}

ruoms.

sparkle	v	(with)toshinebrightly,glisten,gleamsparklingeyes
sparkle	n	thesparklesoflightonwater
sparkling	adj	shmmgandflashingwithlight thecalmandsparklingwatersofthelake
		sparklingmmeralwater
spl'ctacular	adj	veryimpressive
		spectacularsceneryIviews
splendour	n	Am£splendor:grandandimprcssavebeauty
		aviewinallttssplendour
		thesptendoursofRome
splendid	adj	impressavcIbeautiful
splndidly adv • Youallplayedsplendidly.
stroll	v	towalkinaslowrelaxedway
stroll	n	goforastroll;takeastroll
strolln	II	• Thestreetwa.crowdedWitheveningstrollers.
subdue	v	(fml)tobringsmbundercontrol,csp.byusingforce
		Syn:defeat,subjugate
		tosubduetherebellion
subdued	adj	tobeHlasubduedmood
sun•ivc	v	tocontinuetoliveorexist,remaan
		Syn:tooutlive
		Ant:dae

_•^{Somecustomshavesurvived/romearliertimes.}

,

^{• Siresurvh•edherSISterbv5year.}

sunh·al thefightforsurvivalasurvivalofthepast

^{survh·or n} _•Hewathesolesun·i\'Orofthecrash.

"

thorouhfare amainroadinacity

Syn:avenue,highway

• ^{There'sasign"Nothoroughfare".}

272

throng ^{, (fml)acrowdofpeople,multitude}

•

throng v tobethrongedwith=tobefullofsmthIsmb

_{Thestreetswerethrongedwithpeople.}

_tomb ^, _{alargegrave,esp.onebuiltofstone}

thetombsofthePharaohs

_{tombstone n alargestonewhichisplacedonagrnve}

_treasure ^, _{acollectionofvaluablethings(gold,silver,etc.)}

Syn:riches

thepricelessarttreasuresofthegallery

trend n ^{ageneraldirectionofsmtheconomic}/politicaltrends

Syn:course,tendency,direction

trendsetter II ^{apersonwhostartsanewfashionormakesitpopulartrendy} ad) ^{(infml)veryfashionable}

atrendyLondonnightclub

value n I.^{howmuchsmthisworthinmoneyt}othevalueof(I000.

todropigodownIfallinvalue

2.^{beinguseful/importantt}obeofgreatInovalue

3.values(pi)=beliefsaboutwhattswrongculturalimoralvalues

value ^\' I.^{Syn:appreciate}

2.todecidethatsmthisworthaparticularamountofmoney

• ^{Tovaluesmthat£100.}

valuable adj Syn:precious,expensive,worthy

Ant:valueless(/m/),worthless

valuableantiques;valuableinformation

valuables n thingsthatareworthalotofmoney(jewellery,cameras)

^{\'ary \'} 1.^{tobedifferentinsize,shape,etc.}

Syn:differ

2.tochange,alter,modifyvllried ad) variedclimate,variedcultures

\'ariou ad) ^{vanousthings,vanouswaysofhfevariant , a}variantofspelling

\'ariety ^{n severaldifferentsortsofthesamelhmg}

273

^-------

\licinity	n	theareaaroundaparticularplace Syn:neighbourhood;environs	I
		inthevicinityofTrafalgarSquare
withdntw	l'	(w1thdrew,withdrawn)toleavetheplace,abandon,retract• • Tiletroopswithdrewfromtirecmmt1:v.
\\ithdrawal	11	TheUSwithdrawalfromVietnam
worldwide	udj	affectingallpartsoftheworld
		toattractworldwideattention
worldwide	ad1•	totravelworldwide
worsbip	v	toshowrespectforGod;togotochurch
		toworshipatSt.Mary's(Church)
worship	n	anactofworship
		aplaceof'"'orship
worshipper	11	asunworshipper
worth	adj	I.havingavalueinmoney

_• ^{Ourhouseisworth£I00,000.}

^{tobeworthafortune=tocostalotofmoney}

2.usedtorecommendsmthbecauseyouthinkitmaybeuseful

tobeworthavisit

_• ^{Theideaiswellworthconsidering.}

^{• Itisworthwhilevisiting/hegalle!)'.}

^worth 11 Syn:value.price

_• ^{Theircon/ributionwasofgreatworth.}

worthless	ad;	havingnopracticalorfinancialvalue Ant:valuable
\\:orth\\'hile	aJj	aworthwhileJObIdiscussion
worthy	adj	({ml)tobewonhyofa1tentionImention
		tobeworthyofthename
		Ant:unworthy • TheplaniswurtlryofouraUention.

274

_{_Pa_r_t}

HUSTLEANDBUSTLOFCITYLIFE

UNIT1

0 LIVINGINABIGCITYISACHALLENGE

CAJGETTINGAROUNDTHECITY

_{FocusVocabulary}

cab

double-decker

_{theUndergroundItheTube(BrE)ItheSubway(Am£)}

^IUgelonI(o·

hold-up

traj/k

lrafficlightstraJJicjamtrajficwarden

jiveIten,etcminutes'walkIdrivefare

ticket

dayIseasonImonthvIweeklyticket

rushhour

pedestrianIzebraIpelicanaossing

LivingintheCity

Livinginacityhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ontheplusside,itisofteneasiertofindwork,andthereisusuallyachoiceofpublictransport,soyoudon'tneedtoownacar.Also,therearealotofinterestingthingstodoandplacestosee.Forexample,youcaneatingoodrestaurants,visitmuseums,andgotothetheatreandtoconcerts.Whatismore.whenyouwanttorelax,youcanusuallyfindaparkwhereyoucanfeedtheducksorjustsitonaparkbenchandreadabook.Allinall.citylifeisfullofbustleandva­rietyandyouneedneverfeelbored.

275

However,foreveryplusthereisaminus.Foronething,youmighthaveajob,butunlessitisverywell-paid,youwillnotbeabletoaffordmanyofthethingsthattherearetodo,becauselivinginacityioftenveryexpensive.Itis'particular1ydifficulttofindgood,cheapaccommodation.

Whatismore,publictransportissometimescrowdedanddirty,particularlyintherushhour,andeventheparkscanbecomeverycrowded,especiallyonSundayswhenitseemsthateverycity-dwellerislookingforsomeopenspaceandgreengrassLastofall,despiteallthecrowds,itisstillpossibletofeelverylonelyinacity.