I. J.1cto"'Hlo1kbaoxmoBeHh

r

pbiPb

_f' ^{cnpaBBAflHBOrop,QL<'ITbCA}

HSHOHBObHOBC8MOC03H8H6

en•

nepeo6biTHbiM,AOHCTOPI-14eCKM171nepen1-1CbHaceneHR

Opoc11e,QTbHCTOpHto

ya.neKarenbHbleexa,opHeHrHpt.,te!lbnyrewecTBHR

•MeCTOnDKllOHBHHRIllnaJlOMHH'-lBCTSa

xpaHHTbcneAblnpownoro

tBe!1H4HB

33XB8TbiBaiOU,iHHp.yxCBOHMCOBepweHCTBOMHaCneAHB '

6aWHR,K0110KOObHR

npeAKIII

₂₅₅

^I' _'

WordUse

Ex2FindInthetexttheadjectivesthatdescribethefollowingnouns.Thefirstis

_{doneforyou.Somenounshavemorethanoneattribute.}

people heritageimages sightsexperience countrysidearchitecture ^{surroundingshills} streets^valleys charm

land bank

_l

forests ^{specimenwoods} legendsfields coloursrivers sunrisesmeadows walks

beauty traditions _l

l

^{temples gathering} ₁

^{towns structure}

^{spot treasures} 1

scenery dBstination

lakes _J

^{Ex3Doyouknowyourhomeland?Canyoudothisquiz?Trytomatchtheplaces} _l

^{withthesightsorassoclllflons.} 1

1.Viazynka a)

2.Strochytsy ^b)

3.Zaslaue ^c)

4.Kosava _d)

^5.Ruzhany _e)

^6Turau f)

7.lvanava ^g)

8.Cherven(district) ^h)

_{9.Smarhon(district)} ⁱ⁾

_j)

TadeuszKosciuszko'sbirthplace;RuinsofthePalaceComposersMoniuszkoandRavensky;linguistLeoShcherbaSkansenvillage,open-airmuseumofoldBelarusianrural

architecture

YankaKupala'sbirthplace;House-MuseumTheMuseumofPopularArts;RahnedaPainterNapaleonOrda(1807-1883)Sapieha'sresidence;RuinsofthePalace

CentreofthePrincipality;birthplaceofthefirstmanuscript

Sportingcentre

_{Church-fortress}

10.Kreva

k) _{RuinsoftheCastle,historicvillage}

^11.Staiki _I)

·12.Synkovichy

256

TheAcademyofTrainingBears;writerBahushevich;com­

poserAhlnsky

^r

ClassCommunication

Ex4ActoutatalkbetweenatoTelflllstudentwhosemajorInterestIshistoryandethnicstudiesandaSelaruslanstudentTheformerwantstoacquiresomeinfor·matlonaboutBelarusforhisproject

EWriting

WritealeafletorasmallbrochuretoattractforeigntouriststothepartofBelarus

youknowbest

ProtectWork

WorkInteamsoffourorfive.

AforeigntravelagencyhasannouncedatenderforatourofBelarus.SeveralBelaru­

_{siantravelagenctescompeteforthetenderandpresenttheirtours.}

Minsk

MinskisanunavoidablestopoverfortouristsontheirwayfromWarsawtoMoscow.Visitorsaresuretodiscovermorethantheyeverexpected.Thecentresofgovernmentandlaw,cultureandeducation,businessandfinanceareallhere.Whetheryouareinterestedinthearts,shopping,architecture,historyorsightseeingthecapitalisboundtoofferenoughtofillupyourdays.

TodayMinskisthecapitalofasovereignstate,acosmopolitancity,wherepeopleofdif­ferentethnicbackgroundsandreligious_beliefsreside,acityonthemove.ItsprawlsovervastdistancesalongtheSvislochRiverintherollinghillsofcentralBelarus.Ithasgradu­allytakenoveritsownsatellitevillages.

MinskwasfirstdescribedintheStoryofBygoneYears,anearlychronicte,asafortress

ofthePolotskPrincipalityassociatedwithaJeudalbattleontheNemigaRiverin1067.

_\ ^{ThestreetsofMinsktellthevisnortheirstoryofgrowthandchange.Historically,the}

^{UpperTown,avastareaofoldMinskwithitscentreinCathedralSquare,wasthecity's}

mostimportantsection.Themainconstructiontookplaceinthe16thcentury.LatertheCityHall,StBernardmonastery,StBasilconvent.the17th-18¹ncenturyCatholicChurch,aswellasotherpublicandresidentialbuildingswereputupthere.

,Thecitysteadilyincreasedinimportance,firstasaprovincialcentre,afterthethirdparti­tionofPolandin1793,andlaterasanindustrialcentre,afterthebuildingoftheMoscow­WarsawandLibava-RomnyraitwaysthroughMinsk.Accordingtothecensusof1897

Minsk,had91,500inhabitants,whichmadenasizeabletownoftheRussianEmpire.In

19t9itbecamethecapnalofthenewlyproclaimedSyelorussianSovietSocialistRepublic.In1939Minsknumbered237,COOinhabitants,butonlyabou150,000in1944.Allerthewarthepopulationgrewrapidly.AbouttwomillionpeopleresideinMinsktoday.

¹1l.oo;114²⁵⁷

Explore:hestreetsandlanesoftheoldtownandplungetntotheatmosphereofbygonedaysVisittheoldTr01tsko1ePredmestte(theTnnttySuburb),fortnstanceInthe1980'sitwasreconstructedandmodernizedtomakeasinglearchitecturalensemble.Itisaquietandisolatedneighbourhoodwheretheoldpicture-postcardhousesseemtobewhispenngtheirsecretsacrossthecobbledway.Acomplexofcurioshopsandrestaurantsattractsvisitorsforrespiteeitherfromadayofwork.orhettiesightseeing.

MinskisacitythatdemandsaQreatdealofwalking.Itisevenposstbletogetawayfromthecrowds-turnoffmanyabusythoroughfareandyouwillftndyourselfinaparkor

aleafycourtyardMinskisdottedwithparks.tncludingGorkiPark.YankaK!dflalaPark,ChelusktntsyPark.VictoryPark.theAlexandrovGarden.theCentralBotantcalGardensandthewater-and-parkSvislochreserve.Theyareatonceplaygroundsandtributestona­ture.Theparksprovtdeanescapefromthecity'smazeofstreetsandbuildtngs.TheproftleofconcretebUildingssoftensagainstahorizoninterspersedwithlushgreen.Takesometimetoenjoythem.Indulgeyourselfinjuststlttngbackandwatchtngpeoplegoby,andchildrenplayAttheBotanicalGardensyoucanstrollfromarainforesttoaformalFrenchpark,exploreanalpinerockgarden.orlearnaboutplantsoftheFarEast-allinoneafter·noon

Awell-plannedcityMtnskhasdevelopeditsownsenseofarchitecturalconttnuity.bal­

ancingthemonolithicbuildmgsofbusinesswtththelivingneedsofitspeople.Thepresent­

daycityisalmostenttrelyofnewconstruction;mostoftheprincipalbuildings1nthecentreareinthearchitecturalstyleoftheearlySovietperiod-theGovernmentHouse..thebuild·ingoftheCentralPartyCommittee,theRedArmyClub,theNationalLibrary,theOperaandBalletTheatre,theAcademyofSciencesandothers.

TheHolySptritCathedral.theCathedralofSts.PeterandPaul.theChurchofStMaryMagdalene.theMary1nsk1Cathedral.theChurchofSt.RochallsurviveasrelicsofthepastSt.SimonandHelenaCathedral,orthe"redcathedral"wasorderedtobebuiltbyanoblefam11yupontheprematuredeathofthe1rtwochtldren.Thetowershousethreebellsnamedforthechurchfounder,h•sfatherandhisdeadson:Edward,MichaelandSimon.

ThemajorMinsktheatresandmuseumswerein.strumentalinturningthecityintoacul­turalmeccaofBelarus:theBelarus.StateTheatreofOperaandBallet(ortheBelarusBol­shoi),theYank.aKupalaNat1onalDramaTheatre.TheGorkyDramaTheatre.theNationalArtGallery,theStateMuseumofHistory,theMuseumoftheGreatPatriottcWar,amongothers.

NoothercityinBelarusrivalthenumberofactivitiesMinskoffersforsheerentertain­

mentAkeentheatre-goercanchoosefrommus1calanddramavenues.Theactivetypewillftndnumeroussportsfactliltessoccer.tennisandice-hockeygroundsarebutlttowel­comeinternationaleventsMinskCityFestivalISoneoftheeventsthatmakethecapitalworthavisitTheparade,performancesbyprofessionalandamateurmusicians,folkdanc­ing,thenoise,thecheerfulcrowd,thekaleidoscopeofcolourandexpression-everythingcon­tributestoitssuccessMinsk'sdwellersandvisitorsalikerevelinitsmanysurprises.

Minsk'scharmisnoteasytodescribe.Howcanonedefineitsessencewhenitstwomil­

lioninhabttantsandnumerousvisitorswillg1veyouasmanyanswers?Whensnow

blanketsthectty,whenflowersredolentofspring-t1mescenttheair,whensummerdawnshedsarosylightonthenumerousstreamsandcreeks,whentheautumnhazelendsthe

^{cityamysteriousair-thecityneverfailstoimpressthevisitor.Atworkoratplay_,thein-.}

habitantsultimatelydocreatethecity'scharacter.butitsphysicalpresence-bustlifig'streets,concretetexture,parkoases,theskylineovertheSvisloch-setsthepaceforthecity-dwellers.

_{(ContributedbyM.Bendetskaya)}

258

WordMeaning

Ex.6Matchthedefinitionswiththewordsfromtherightcolumn.

1.^{ashortstaysomewherebetweenpartsofa a}cosmopolitanjourney}

2.anoldobjectorcustomthatremindspeo- ^b)tributepieofthepast

3.aplacewhichconsistsofpeoplefrom^{c)ensemblemany}differentpartsoftheworld

4.somethingthatyousay,do,orgiveinorder ^d)stop-overtoexpressyourrespectoradmiration

5.anofficialprocessofcountingacountrie's ^e)censuspopulation.

6.Asetofthingsthatgotogethrtoforma ^{f) relicswhol}e.

Worduse

Ex.7InsertprepositionsIfnecessary

- battle __theNemigaRiver

- according thecensus

- bringthecityback life

- increased importance

- plunge theatmosphere thebygonedays

- indulgeyourself justplainsittingback

- tribute-----nature

- contribute thesuccess

_{Ex.8FindInthetextthenounsthataredescribedbythefollowingadjectives.}

unavoidable residentialarchitectural totalreligious bygone

_. ^{povincial isolated}

^•i cosmopolitan bustling

^sizeable feudalrolling ancient

^r _{ethnic vast}

259