XapaKTap6enapycay

_{6enapyc-"HeMaeyxapaKTapblpbl3biKI,a,.o.KpbiTaeirpy5aenpacT3Tbl,xapaKTJpHae}

AflRM3CKOijLW---"tH''HeMae11rKa,QYMH3CL&i,CBeL&K3CU,iiC3M3XB3flbCTB3,RKiMirJT3K

11acraBbi3H34310LI43nanstKi""A!J.yKp31HU.35enapyca,QJH3'-13eL.Iu.acaaiMW'-lblpJWbiMC3pU,aM.KpbiXY60I1bWatopyxaB3CL.ItO".

"XapaKTap6enapyca5onbWnasa)f(Hbl,cnaKoHblipaxMaHbl,3.Qo6papa3eira10eon11to,naHaaaHHeMHaca6otoiBbiTpbiBanacLVOYnpa4bl"

"5enapyc,Q06pblracnBABP.WBHyeKaneliiKY,at<pbiXYMO>KBICKYOBB3Tbl,BeflbMiracu_iHbl"

^{"DenapycHenoMHiU.bJnorainerKaAapyeceaiMKpbt'ijAJil,lenRM""na....yu4enoMcTbl9}

iMHAPBJBiTa,WTO8,Qpo3HiaaeArOHBBBTa,QyKpaiHu_a".

''HeAaXBBT88Sl}iHi'1aCUiTp36aTJ1YM34bR-\bTO!lbKinaro,qH3C4tO,p8XMBH3CUIO'6enaM

pycKaraHapoAHaraxapaKTapy:6enapycpa.QblcaCTynil.\b,a6ot6btnaJroAa".

"benapyccaijciMHe3Haep3niriliiHara¢aHaTt.13MyAblwaeiHiJMy,...6enapycSlKHBIleneVI)l(bi88U,bcaCBBIIIAiCYGeA3RMip03HblXaepa'ijAblP03HbiXHa401Rij"

"6enapycM38AYUJYMRKKyto,3H3A3Bbl"faHapa3BiTatoijpB)f(JliBBCLI,IO,Qbl¢l8HT831s:IIO

(a6YbiMcee,Q"'biU.bnpblra>KOCU.bi6arBLl4ERroHapo,QHa"naJaii)".

"YneCHAXBbiRijnReu.uarnbt6iHRAYLUbl5enapyca,AaniKBTHBR,naJTbii.IHaR,rnbt6oKalB,IJ,yMeHHBR.IHBH"facu,eHHeKaRJacMy'--laHaR".

(A.CMOITit4'TeaepacjJiR5enapyci"BbuJaHHe3-e_BiiTbHR,1923)

TheBelaruslanCharacter

Thegeographicaldispositionofacountryappearstocondit1onnationalcharacteristics.TheInternationalcontactsappearoverthecenturiestohaveengenderedthemostdistinc­tivefeaturesoftheBelarustanNationalCharacter-toleranceandhospitality.

Wtthth1squalityoftolerancegoesacertain"pleaseyourself'approach:bettertopartcompanywithoutfuss,thantoquarrel.NotthattheBelarusiansarefaint-heartedwhencalledupontodefendtheirfreedomandtheirnativeland:fewnationshavebeenmoref1redoverthecenturiesbydeedsofchivalry,orbypatnottcsongsandversethanthey.

211

TheBelarusianisgenerallyintelligent,tactful.imaginativeandhardworking.Incom­

panyheishospitable,convrvialandahumouristeven1nadversity.

Alandoflakes,rivers,forestsandmarshes,Belarusisveiledinaslightlysparklingmist

whichhasbeenlikenedtothatoftheCelticlands.

lngeneral,Belarusransarefondofproverbs.riddles,marvelloustalesofmiraculousicons.ofangelsandghosts,predictionandherbalmedicine.

Thesepropensities,togetherwiththeirself-effacrngmanneranddeeplyindividualisticidealism,haveledthemtobecalledafterTolkien,andperhapsnot1napt1y,thehobbitsofEasternEurope.

_{(FromMinskbyGuyPicarda,1994)}

ClassCommunication

Ex.12ThesetwotextsaboutBelarusiansarewrittenbydifferentpeopleatdiffer­enttimes.Doyouthinkthedescriptionsareaccurate?HastheBelaruslanchar­acterchangedinyouropinion?

ALetterfromBritain

ThisisaletterfromDave.DaveisanAmericanexchangestudentmBritam,whoisliv­

inginFrank'shome,whileFrankstaysinAmericawithDave'sfamily.

_'iJearfjra

·I

:Hi!:Jiowareyougettin._qoninthe5tntesi'Iamftmn.'rtga'Wonaerju[timelierein'Eng[anaWithJOUr(atTtifyanajn'emfs.'LveryoU'I\_sojn'emffyll11dfwspita6fe.'lJirya{{1vtfcomeTTICintotfuirhomesamitreatmeasoneoftliJmnify...

1fuwe6eenverysurprised6!1Tngli.hpeople.Ithoughtt11ey'lWufsfafi6everyconscrva­titlt!aru{tratfitiona{Insuaa1finvejounatfiemVef!_lopentonewitfe.as.1afsotfwugfitT.ng­(isfipeopfe1.1J0ultf6eratfias.'ButffWStpeopfeseemverysefj-conjilfentandsureofthem­sefves,afmostastttuclias./lmen'cans.1findtfie'En.q.fisftverytoferanttoo.91{p6oaylitresee'"!.

_{tomint!verymucfrfwwyoudressorwfultJOUsay.Ofcourse,tftereare.<otnenamnv-mirnfed}

^{peopfetoo.'But1aon'ttfunk_tliereareasmanyasth.erearebad(fwmeintfreStates.}

IoftenthinkofyouinmyliomearzJ'lvhatyoutnu.st6etliinf;.Jnga6out5tmen'cans.Ie-t­

pi1rtyouthinkwearetooliara-r.wrl(jnganatoomaterialistic.1neverrea{isedfwwmudi

;;1me.n·canstalK._aboutffiOllt!J,tmtifIcameto'lJn'tain.Y1m{youpro6a6(yalsotfiinktliat

.}lmericallSareverynufecompared'·witfitfte'Bn'tisfi.Idon'tthinkUJC'rertatlysomae,it'sjusttfiatwrdon'tUSl'at!tliosepolite'Eritis/iphrasesfiR!"aoyoumind"am{11CoufdI"am{"may

_]"

OnedijferenceIliavcrwtiuaisthattlie1JritisftJon'lseemtlSoptimisticas5lmericans.InJtm.eric.awealwaystliinl(_wecancfumgethingsa11.d'makgtliem6etter.'ButIgettftejeefingtfiattft.e'Britishfuwearatfterpessimisticviewof!ife

I'mjedingfazysothat'sa({I'mgoingtowritnow.I(oo{forwarcftohearingyourim­

pn·.sston.sof5lmen·cn.

212

LfWriting

Ex.13Chooseoneofthefollowingtasks.

1 YouareFrankWritealettertoDaveaboutyourimpresstonsofAmenca

2 AfnendofyourswhohvesmanothertownhasbeenofferedaJObmtheUSAHeIsheknowsyouvebeentoAmerica.that'swhyheIsheasksyouabouttheAmencanhfestyle

DoallAmencanswearjeans?Dotheypreferwalkmgtod1wmg.catmgfastfoodtocookmg?etc

Writealettertoyourfriend.Trytoanswerallthequestionsandmoreovercautionyourfriendagainstgeneralizationandstereotypes.YouknowhowAmericansfeelaboutit,don'tyou?

3.Youareanexchangestudentabroad.Writealettertoyourfellowstudentsandshareyour1mpresstonsaboutthepeopleinthecountrywhereyoustudy

4 Anothervers1onyouareanAmencanIBntishexchangestudenttnBelaruswhowritesa

letterhome

ClassCommunication

Ex.14Discussthefollowing.

1 Whatadv1cewouldyougtvesomebodycomingtohveandworkmyourcountry?

2 Doyouagreewtththesaying"WheninRome.doastheRomansdo?''Dowehaveastmtarsayinginourlanguage?

3.DeveloptheideaTheworldw111beadullplacemdeedwhenallthedifferentnationalitiesbehaveexactlyalike.

213

_UNIT2

0 DISCOVERINGGREATBRITAIN

/

FocusVocabulary I

^border catlwdrul^boundmy palace^frontier fortress^{coast channel}

coastline canalseaside vary

^shore "aried^{bank various}

historic di\'ersehistorical sight

scenery landmark^landscape datefrom^{castle date}backro

Britainispackedwithexcitingplacestogoattdinlet'ettingtiJiffJ/tod1rcoper-lllcgn[fimrtcastltswberthistorycanbetracedasfarbackas1""lom1anhme.r,·ruinrdfortsbuiltl!_ytbeRomans;elegantstatefyhomufilledwithpricelesslreasurr.rgit/ill)?.nJ!.limpseofagrandeurpast·,fasdnatingcities1vithemden/housesandchurchesateJJff)'tmwse(JJ·idere.Jm1JJ})i//;all/befim

_{((/lbepromenade;slupyvillagestoJJ)anderaroundandbealflij11lmlmi')'Jidt?toe:x.plorr.}

^·_.^{··························· ···························}

FACTFILE

_.

_{.. TheUnitedKingdom :.}

_{. .}

^{: Thistsanabbreviationofthe'UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland'.It •}

_{: isoftenfurtherabbreviatedto'UK',andIsthepoliticalnameofthecountrywhichis}

_{: madeupofEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland(sometmi}

_esknownasUl-

: ster).SeveralislandsofftheBritishcoastarealsopartoftheUnitedKingdom(forex-

: ample,theIsleofWight,theOrkneys,theHebridesandtheShetlands,andtheIslesof

_{: Scilly),althoughtheChannellslandsandtheIsleofManarenot.However,alltheseis-}

^:_. ^{landsdorecognisetheQueen.}

^{......•......•.........•...•.•.••..•.••.•.•.•.•.....••.••.•...••.•...••..•......••.••..•.}

214

.

_{;•...................................................................................................·-}

_.

_GreatBritain

^•

Th1sistt1enameoftt1eislandwh1chismadeupofEngland,ScotlandandWales.

TheBritishIsles

ThisislhegeographicalnamethatreferstoalltheislandsoffthenorthwestcoastoftheEuropeancont1nent:GreatBritain.thewholeofIreland(NorthernandSouthern),theChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan

But1!isImportanttorememberthatSouthamIreland-thatistheRepublicofIreland

_{(alsocalled'Eire')-iscompletelyindependent.}

.

_•

_. ^)'_I

_.

•

^{,,....................................................................................................•.}

Ex.1Completethesetexts,usingamapandthetextabove.

1. TheBntishIslesisthegeographicalnameforalltheislandsoffthecoaslofEurope.These1slandsalso1ncludetheRepublicof(Eire),whichispoliticallyinde­pendentoftheBritishGovemmentManypeoplerefertotheinhabitantsoftheBritishIslesas

'theEnglist1'.butEnglandisonlyoneofthecountries.Theothercountriesare

2. Th⁼e^-UnitedKmgdom^c(^cor^atⁿhe^dUK)⁼co^cnsis^cts^:of , and

"Y_::;;;ThepeoplesofthesecountriesholdBritishpassportsandthereforetheirnationai­

_YIS

^{3_ GrealBritamISthenameoftheoneislandwhichismadeupof and}

Ex.2Discussthefollowing:

1.DothepeoplesofEireholdBritishpassports?

2. IsScotlandpartoftheUK?

_{3 IsNorthernIrelandpartofGreatBritain?}

215

L5'Writing

_{Ex.3Completethistableusingamap.}

Country	Capital	Mountains	Rivers
England
Scotland
Wales		,I
N.lreland			_

_j

WelcometoBritain

ThewhitecliffsofDoverarethefirstsightmanypehaveofEngland.Dover.lookingoutovertheEnglishChannel,hasbeentheGatewaytoEnglandforsome2000years.DuringthesecondcenturyAD,itwastheheadquartersoftheRomanfleetinBritainandisnowthebusiestpassengerport.

216

WordMeaning

Ex.4SayJnotherwords.

a)aplace,especiallyacitythatyoucangothroughinordertoreachanothermuchbiggerplace;

b)theplacefromwh1ohmilitaryoperationsarecontrolled;

c)somethingyoucansee,especiaHysomethingunusual,beautiful;

d)tohaveaviewofsomething;

e)aplacewhereshipscanloadandunloadpeopleandthings;

f) agroupofships,oralltheshipsinanavy.

Ex.5Answerthequestions.

1Canyouexplainthedifferencebetweenachannelandacaaan

2.CanyougivetheRussianIBelarusianequivalentsoftheEnqUshChannelandthe

StraitfsJofDovea

3.WhatdowecallapersonwholivedinancientRome?

4.Canyouexpla1nthedifferencebetweenthesecondcentucvADandthesecondcenturyBC?

5.WhatdothefollowLnginitialsstandfor.UK.AD.BC.GB.HQ?

ClassDiscussion

Ex.6Answerthequestions.

1.WhyisDovercalledtheGatewaytoEngland?

2.WhydidtheRomanschooseitastheheadquartersoftheRomanfleet?

3 WhatmakesDoverthebusiestportofGreatBrtiain?

Cla§sCommunication

Ex.7WorkInpaira.Youandyourfriend(husband,wife,etc.)areonaferry-boatapproachingDover.WsyourfirstvisittoGrutBritain.Completethedialogue.

- IseethewhitecliffsofDoverfromtheboatdeck.

- Whatdotheylookhke?

- Wonderful!Youcanseethemclearly.Youshouldcomeandseethemyourself.

217

GREATBRITAIN:LANDOFINSPIRATIONPartI

AlthoughyoumaythinkofBritainasEngland,itisreallythreecountries1none_ScotlandintheNorth,andWalesintheWest,wereonceseparatecountries.They

haved1fferentcustoms.traditions,langu­

agesand,inScotland'scase.differentle­

galandeducat1onalsystems,allfoughtoverw1ththeEnglishcenturiesago,andevennownotentirelyresolved.BoththeScottishlanguageGaelic,andpart1cularlyWelsh.canstillbeheardspokenineachcountry,butneverthelessEnglishisstilltheirmainlanguage.

Bnta1nisadeceptivelylarge1slandandissurroundedbysomevaried-andverybeautiful-coastline.wh1chisworthexplor­ing.SomeofthebestsandybeachesarefoundinDevonandCornwall,wheretheyarewashedbyshallowAtlanticseasandoverlookedbycraggy.granitecliffs

Beyondlondon,Bnta1n'slandscapevar·iesfromthesoftrollinghillsofSouthernEngland,throughtheflatterexpansesoftheMidlands,tothedramatichillsandlakesofNorthernEngland,WalesandScotland_

Historicaltownsaboundinthesouth.

Oxfordisaworldfamousun1vers1tytowndatingbacktothe12trocentury.BathisanelegantspatownbUiltovertheremainsofas1m1larRomansettlement.

InthehubofEnglandliesanarea

steepedinhentage,unspoiledcountryside,bijouvillagesandlivelycitiescompetingforattent1onThisisanareaofcontrastinglandscapesandarchitecturalstyles,w1thmeandenngnversandpicturesquemarkettownsthathavechangedlittlewithtimeStratford·upon-AvonthebirthplaceofWil­liamShakespeare,andCambridgewith1tsarchitecturalgloriesandpeaceful,unhur·riedatmosphere,Nottingham,hometothemedievaloutlawRobinHoodandhismerrymen,mustallsurelymeritavisittoo_

Someofthecountry'smostinspiring

landscapesawaityouinthenorthofEng­

land.Itisapeacefulandpastoralregion

218

boa·stingnolessthanfiveNationalParks.InCumbriayouwillfindtheLakeDistrict,astunn1ngcombinationofmountains,lakesandrushingstreamsthathaveinspired

_{countlesspoets,artistsandwnters,includ­}

_{ingWordsworthand}¹_{BeatrixPotter.who}

hvedinthearea.Thespectacularviewsof

theLakeDistrictareamagnettofell­walkers.climbersandwatersportsenthusi·asts

ScotlandconJuresupimagesofdra·

maticmountains.lochs,tartan,bagpipesandfine.maltwhisky.Scotlandisallthis

andmuchmorebesides...1t'salandnchin

royalheritage,withturretedcastles,High­

landgamesandhistoricaltownsandcities_

LandscapesinScotlandarebreathtaking

1ntheirvariety,andhavesustainedandin­

spiredthe_unquenchablesp1ritofScotland_ThesoaringHighlands,withdeepglens

_I

I

cradlingjewel·likelochsattesttothedramaandbeautyofScotland'slandscapes.Southwardslieh1ghmoorland,greenrollinghillsandscatteredabbeyruinsoftheLow­lands_TheScott1shIsles-theHebrides,theOrkneysandtheShetlands-belongtoanotherpeacefulandidyllicworld_

I

Ifmountains.glensandlochsembody ^'

II

thesceneryoftheHighlands;clans,tartans

andbagpipes,porridgeandwhiskyareitsessence_

_{Thecit1esarejustasdiverseasthe !}

^{landscapesEd1nburgh.thegracefulcapi­}₁

^{tal.isdom1natedbyanimposmg12trocen­!}

turycastle.IncontrastistheGeorgianEd­

inburghofattractiVesquares,tree-linedavenuesandelegantshoppingthorough­fares(renownedfortheirclassictartansandcashmeresweaters}.Thecity'srich

_{culturalheritage1shighlightedbyitsspec­}^'

_{tacularInternationalFestival.}ⁱ

_I

GlasgowistheculturalcentreofScot­landanditsexuberantfest1valsarewidelyacclaimed.Housingsomeofthefinestmu.seumsandgalleries1nEurope,thecityisgreatforculturehunters.

I

_WordMeaning

Ex.8Sayinotherwords.

a)veryhappyandpeaceful,w1thnoproblemsordangers: _.I

b)completelyandmaverypossibleway;

c)thepartsofsomethmgthatareleftaftertheresthasbeendestroyedordisappeared.d)themostbas1candImportantqualityofsomethmg,

^{e)averylargeareaofwater,sky,land,etc,} 1

f) toexistinverylargenumbersorqualities:

g)tohavealotofparticularquality,suchashistory,heritage,etc;

h)spreadoverawidearea,

i) happyandcheerful,andfullofenergyandexcitement;

_{j) smallandpretty}

Ex.9Answerthequestions.

1.Saywhatisthedifferencebetweenvariedandvarious.Findasynonymtotheword

vaned1nthetext

2 Whatistheoppos1teofdeep?

3.WhatISthemeaningoftheworddeceptively?

4 Howmanysynonymstothewordbeautifulcanyoufindinthetext?

5 What1sthemeamngofthewordheritage?

6 What1smeantbytoconjureupimagesofsmth?

7.Findasynonymtotheexpresstontobeknownfor.

8 Inwhatmean1ngISthewordhubusedinthetext?

9 VVhatISthed1fferencebetweenhistoricandhistoricanMatchthem'<Whtheirdefinitions:

•makinghistory,

•connectedwithhistory,reallyexistinginhistory.

WordUse

Ex.10Choosebetween'historic'and'historical'.

1.January1973-the datewhenBritainjoinedtheEuropeanCommonMarket.

2.WasKingArthura figure?

3.For reasonstheboundaryrunsdownthemiddleofthestream.

4 Here'sa accountoftheevent.

5 Thefals1f1cattonof recordsiscommonpracticeintotalitananregimes.

6 PullingdowntheBerlinWallw111berememberedasoneofthe eventsofthelate20''century

7.Ourreporterswerethereatthe momentwhenthehostageswerereleasedfrompnson

219

Ex.11Choosebetween'various','varied','different'.

1 1hadtostgn documentsbeforetheywouldgtvemethepackage

2.Ireallyenjoytheworkhere-1t'svery_____

3.Let'scomparethepricesoffive detergents.

4.Ourcircleoffriendswas andoftenalittlestrange.

5.Therewere mediapersonalitiesataparty.

6 Somewordshave meanmgs1n contexts

7 Amonthshouldbelongenoughtovisitthemanyand sightsofthecity

8.Theyhavedecoratedtheirhouseinlotsof colours.

9 It'simportantthatachtldgetsa diet

10.It'sadrugthataffects peoplein ways

Ex.12Supplyprepositionsorpostpositionswherenecessary.

a)todateback the12'hcenturyb)tochangelittle time

c)tocompete attention

d)toberenowned smth

e)toattest thebeautyofthelandscape

f) tobench royalheritageg)tobedominated acastleh)toembody thescenery

i) tobebreathtaking theirvariety

Ex.13Completethesentencesusingthewordsfromthetext.Tohelpyou,thefirstletterofeach·wordisgiven.

1.Theestateagentdescribedthislittlehouseasadesirableb residence.

2.Hegotitatthes endoftheswimmingpool.

3.Theweatherforecastsayswe'llhaves showerstoday.

4.Theluxuriousfurnishingsa (to)thefam1lywealth

5.Sheplayedthesonatawithgreats ___

6.BuckinghamPalaceisagreatm forItotounsts.

7.Hetriestokeeph1sprofessionallifecompletelys fromhisprivatelife.

ClassDiscussion

Ex.14Answerthequestions.

1.Whataccountsforthedifferencesinlanguages,tradit1onsandcustomsofthepeoplesinhabitingtheBritishIsles?

2.HowcanyoucharacteriseBritain'slandscape?

3.WhatcanyousayaboutanareawhichliesinthehubofEngland?

4 WhatisthenorthofEnglandrenownedfor?

5.WhydosomepeoplewhovisitedScotlandsaythatithasoneofthemostbeautifulsceneryintheworld?

6.WhatcanyousayaboutthecitiesofScotland?

220

_{---------------}

GREATBRITAIN:LANDOFINSPIRATION

_PartII

Magnificentscenerywithimposingcas­tlesonJUStabouteveryvitalhilltop,alongandcolourfulh1story.acountrywhereitspeoplehavemaintainedaseparateiden­tity.anancientlanguageandapass1onforthe1rsongandpoetry..this.unquestiona­bly.isWales.

You'llknowyouareinadifferentcoun­

tryassoonasyoucrosstheborderfromEnglandandseetheroadsigns1nEnglishandWelsh.TheWelshwordforthe1rcoun­tryis'Cymru'meaning'thelandofcom­rades'AnditgoesWithoutsayingthatyou'llf1ndtheWelshopen.fnendly.andgoodatmak1ngpeoplewelcome.

Tl')eWelshpeoplewitharichandan­

cientculturethatisinstilledineverydaylifeeventoday,arefamedfortheirloveofpo­etryandsongTheWelshgiftforsinginginharmonyispraisedworldwideandmaleheirscanbefoundalmostineveryvillage.Thebestplacestoheartheirsongareatfestivalsofmus1c.thebestknownofwhichistheE1steddfod.

YetthisisnotJUSta'LandofSong',itisalsoalandofmountains,aheavenforthoseinv•goratedbyfreshairandopenspaces.TheruggedanduntamedSnow­doniaNationalParkliestothenorth,afa­vouritewithwalkersandclimbers.

Walesisalsorenownedfor1tsenchant­IngcastlesTherearemorecastlestothesquaremilethaninanyothercountry1ntheworldthesem1ghtyfortressesandroman­ticruinsareremindersofhistoricbattles.TheywerebuiltbyWelshprincesasade­fencefromtheirneighbours,thenmorecastleswereconstructedbytheNormans,andlaterst1lltheEnglishtokeepthefieryWelshatbay.

Cardiff,thecapitalofWales,isarichtapestryofcultureandhistory.Whereveryouwalkinthistrulycosmopolitanc1tyyouwilldiscoverartandarchitecturethatechomanyagesandideals.Oneofthech1efglonesofthecap1talisthemagn1ficentCardiffCastle,startedbytheRomans.en­hancedbytheNormansandlavishlyadornedmorerecently.

·,Ifyoulike1mpressivecastlesandnatureatitsmostdramatic,havealoveofpoetry,song...andBritishteamsportslikerugby..Waleswillnotdisappointyou

Hardly85milesfromtoptobottom,

NorthernIrelandcanbeexploredmjustaweekThedelightfulvarietyofNorthernIreland'sscenery-bluemountains,forestparks,island-studdedlakes,andaspec­tacularcoastline-ISmatchedbythecoun­try'srichlyvaried..cyiUffllinheritance.

Thereareancient·tombS,Celticcrosses.

earlymonasteries.andarangeofexc1tingvisitorattractions.whichputthishentageintocontext.

Highlightsofthenortherncoastincludetheextraordinaryvolcanicformationsoft'leGiant'sCausewayandtheoldestlicensedwhiskeydistilleryintheworld.

Belfast'slivelyculturalscene.withcon­certhalls.theatresandworld-classmus1calentertainment.drawsinvisitorsfromalloverThelargestartsfestival1nthewholeofIrelandisheld•nBelfasteachNovember

D1scoverthedelightfulbeautyofNorth­

ernIreland,andyousoonrealisethatthisisacountryjustpretendingtobesmall.

Britainisalandsorichindiversitythatitisonlythebeginningofyourjourneyofdis­covery.Butwedohopethatitisapleasantstart-andatasteofthingstocome!

221

WordMeaning

Ex.15Answerthequestions.

1.Whattypeofcountrysidewouldthewordruggedbeappliedto?

2.Whatismeantbytheexpressiontomaintainaseparateidentity?

3.WhatISachoir?

4.Canyoufindanotherwordforheritage?

5.Inwhatmeaningisthewordfieryusedinthetext?

6.Whatismeantbytheexpressiontokeepsomebodyatbay?

7.Whatismeantbytoechomanyagesandideals?

8.Whatkindoflakescanbedescribedasisland-studdedlakes?

9.Whatismeantbytapestry?

Ex.16FindsynonymsInthotoxt.

a)vanety

·b)sinking,impressive

C)·famousfor·

d)allovertheworlde)toattractvisitors

_{f) toenliven,torefresh.toenergise}

Ex.17Sayinotherwords.

_{•a)toteachsomeoneawayofthinkingorbehavingoveralongperiodoftime 1}