V Syn:makeupone'smind

todecideonIagainstsmthIsmb

•Hedecided011changinghisjob.

_toarriveat}

_{tocometo ..}

tornake

_toreach

adeCISIOn

director

dismiss

•Wetookthedifficultdecisiontoleavetheoffice.

•Discussionshouldbepartofthedecision-makingprocess.

n oneofthecommitteeoftopmanagerswhocontrolacomp<myboardofdirectors

_{financial }}

sales director

personnel

managingdirectorBrE=someonewhoisinchargeofalargecompanyororganisation

TheDirectorofStudies=ateacherinaBritishunih'lityor

languageschoolwhoisinchargeoforganisingthestudentsprogrammesofstudy

V I.Toremovesmbfromaposition

2.toconsidersmbIsmthnotworththinkingortalkingabouttodismissasuggestionIanobjection,etc.

• AnythingthathisfatherorIsayisdismissed.

_{Syn:fire,sack(infml)}

todismisssmbfrom

ajob

_apost

_{

^{one'sthoughts}

dismissal

dole

^II •Thedism1ssalsledtoastrike.

n moneygivenbythegovernmentinBritaintopeoplewhoarc

unemployed

tobeIgoonthedoleBrE

•Kevinwasonthedoleforayearbeforehegotajoh.

Syn:unemploymentbenefit

•Howmuchunemploymentbenefitdoyouget?

tobeonbenefit

_{•Howlonghaveyoubeenonbenefit?}

75

earn ^{v togetmoneybyworking}

_•^{HowmuchdoyouearnImake'!}

^{toearnone'sliving}

earnedIunearnedincome

^{earning n(pl)} _•I'vespentallmyearnings.

efficient ad) ^{Syn:capable,abletoworkwell,apt,competent}

Ant:inefficient,incompetent

_{sccrelary

teacherefficient _method

machine

efficiency ^1l Syn:capability,effectiveness,competence^{efficiently ad\•} _•WeshouldgetindustryrunningmoreejJiciently.

employ v togiveworktosmb,usuallyforpaymenttoemploysmbinIonsmth

^{•He'semployedinabank.}

_employee ^, _{apersonwho'semployed;labourer,worker}

employer n apersonorcompanythatemploysothers;owner,boss^{employment fl} tobeinIoutofregularfull-timeemployment

employmentagency

encourage I.togivecourageorconfidencetosmb

2.tourge,stimulate,promote

Ant:discourage,dispirit

•Atthisschoolteachersencourageyoutobethebestyoucanbe;theymakeyouwantrolearn.

•Bycaringforplantsandanimalsintheclassroomchildrenareencouragedtounderstandandvalueotherlivingthings.

•Youshouldn'tencouragehisbadhabits.

•Heisencouragedbyhissuccess.

^{cncouraerncnt ,} •Heowedhissuccesstohisparents·encouragement.

•Tomysurprise.hedidn'tgivememuchencotm1gement..

76

l'OCOUntging

executive

experiencedexpert

expertfair

edj •Thenewcompanyha.fmadeanencouraginKstart

•Thedoctor'sreportwasencouraging.

•Theresultsoftheexperimentll'erenotencouragmg

•Shegm·ehunanencouragmgsnule

•Thelowrisingtonesoundsem:ouraK111g111stalemclll\'andexclamations.

11 apersonorgroupmabusmcssorgamsallonwithadmtntstra­

trvormanagerialpowers

•She'sasalesexecutn·einthiscompany

11 I.knowledgeorskillsacqum:dfrom!>eCillganddomgthmg

tohavesomeexperienceforIofdoing'>tnth

tolearnhycxpt.:ricnce

•Shelwsn'thadenoughworkexperiencefortltejoh

2.uneventoractivitythataflcctsonemsomev.ray

•Hehadma11yinterestingexpenenu.>sllllllet1·m·ellmJ.!,111

America.

aclj Ant:inexpcnenccd,naive

tobeexperiencedin(domg)smth

11 apersonwnhspec1alknowledge.skilltobeanexpertatIinIonsmth

adJ accordmgtoexpertadvice

culj Syn:jU!\t

Ant:untair

tobefairtoionsmbshare

^fair_{

price

_wage

fairly

head

•Tnhe/air,:dtedid1rarnme.

acfl· 1.inafairmanner:honestly

•You'renottreatingme.fa;r/y.

...,Syn:completely.actually;toaccrtmnextent.moderately

•Thi"i.\·afi.urveasy;ob.

11 achiefpersonofagroupororganisattontheheadofthefamtly

Syn:leader.chief,masterhc.adoffice

headwatter

_{hcadmru;teri-mistress(pnnctpalnwn;''-'omanat!>Chool)}

77

income

n moneyreceivedoveracertainperiod,csp.aspaymentforworkorasinterestoninvestments

tolivewithinIbeyondone'sincometoearnanincome

annualearned

monthly

t1xed

_uneamcd

income

industriousinvol\'e

joh

lll{j

I'

II

Syn:pay,wages,salary,fee

incomeisthemostgeneralwordformoneywereceivefromwork,investmenr,etc.Payisageneralwordformoneyweregularlyreceiveforworkdone.Wagesarepaidweeklyandusuallyincash.Theyarebasedonanhourly,dailyorweeklyrateoronacertainamountofworkdone.Asalaryispaidmonthly,oftendirectlyintoabankaccount.Professionalpeo­

plereceiveasalary.Afeeisapaymenttoalawyer,doctor.etc.forprofessionalservices.

Syn:hard-working.diligent

Ant:lazy,idle

1.tomake(smth)necessaryasaconditionorresult,enil..

•11JejobinvolvedmylivinginLondon. ·

2.tocausesmbIsmthtotakepartin(anactivity)tjnvolvesmbin(doing)smth

•Don'tinvolvemeinsolvinyourpmblems.

regularlypaidpositionorpostdemanding

bormg

mnc-to-five

part-time job

full-timemenial

totakeontoget

todo

tohuntforIlooktor

togiveup,quit

tolose

tohireIemployfor

_•Goodjob!

I'

ajob

toheoutofajob/betweenj()bs=tobeunemployed

78

'..·,

'·

^..,

^joblnsadj

jobce•treII^{jobdeKrtpdonn}jobudsfactlooII^{job-llopperll}

_IIVIIIJn

^'

v

^m111agun

,\t

•He'sheenoutofajobformonth.

tobeonthejob=tobeatwork;workmg

toliedownIgotosleeponthejob notworkcne!rgeticallyandcontinuously

^{todooddjobs=manysmallp1cccsofwork}

• Hesometimesdoesoddjobsonthefllrm

Syn:work,task.labour/laborAm£,toll

Job,taskarecountablenouns·JOhisgeneral.maybehardoreasy,pleasantorunpleasant;taskisshort-termandrequireseffort;

work,labour,toilareuncountablenounsHH.li(.;atintheactivityneededtoperformajob;

workisthemostgeneral

laboursuggestsphysicaleffort;

toilisformalandisusedofhard,lengthywork

Syn:unemployed

• Howlonghaveyoubeenjobless?

agovernmentofficedisplayinginf<mnationaboutavailablejobsawrittendescriptionoftheexactresponsibilitiesofaJObfulfilmentgainedfromdoingone'sJob

apersonwhooftenchangeshisjobs

thewaythatyoucammoneyorthemoneythatyoucam

• It'snotagreatjob,butit:'ia/inng.

todosmthforaliving(=asyourjoh)

• So1-vlratdoyoudoforuln•ing?

toearnImakealiving

• It'shardtomakeadecentli\•ingasafiW.\'ician.

1.Syn:todirect,run

tomanageahotel,arestaurant

2.Syn:tohandle

•Hecouldn'tmanagetheu;ork

3.Syn:togetalong

•Onecan'tmanagewithoutmoney

4.Syn:tosucceedin

•Howdidyoumana!{etodoit?

apersoncontrolhngabusiness.etc.

ashop,cinema,hotelmanager

79

management n

managing adj

moonlighter n

^moonlighting _"

^{motive n}

motivate v

controlandorganisation(ofabusiness,etc.)

tobeinmanagement

totakeamanagementcourse

•Thebusinessisundermanagement.

amanagingdirector

(infml)apersonwhoholdsasecondjobinadditiontohisnor­

malone

•Iwamacar.soIhavetodoabilofmoonlighting.

whatinducesapersontoactinaparticularway

•Iwasactingfromthehestmotives.

I.tosupplyamotive,tobethemotiveof,tocauseapersontoactinaparticularway

2.tostimulatetheinterestofapersoninanactivity

•EverythingshedoesLmotivatedonlybyadesireformoney.

_{•Heismotivatedbyambition.}

motivationmotivated

nad}

•Theylackthemotivationtostudy.

•Sheisawellqualified,experienced,enthusiasticandhigh(l'motivatedteacher.

^notice n

position n

awarning(ofwhatwillhappen)

togivesmbnotice=totellsomeoneofficiallythattheymustleavetheirjobinaweek,amonth,etc.

• Theyclosedthefactory,gi,·ingtheworkersu11lyaweek'snotice.

tohandinIgiveinnotice=toinfom1youremployerthatyou

willbeleavingyourjobsoon,especiallybywritingaformal

letter

toleavewithoutnotice

atshortnotice=withlittlewarning

• Heleftattendays¹ⁿotice.

ifmf)paidemployment

Syn:job,post

_{toget }}

^{tohave agoodIbadpositioninIwithacompany}

tohold

_{•Heappliedforthepositionofassistantmanager.}

post

80

"

apositionofpaidemploymenttobeappointedtothepostoftobeofferedapost

•Thepostwasadvertisedinthelocalpaper.

prestigiousprincipal

profit

profitablepromote

promotion

resign

resignation

redundant

ad/

II

II

adj

\'

II

,

n

adj

havinganc>tccllcntreputation,htghlycstccmdorrespectedprestigiouswork.position

apersonwiththehighesta1.1thontyinanorgant..,ation.

1.someonewhoisinchargeofaschoolAmf.'

2.someonewhoisinchargeofauniversityorcollegeBrE

•TheprincipalofSt.James·Colleeispn'H!11I.

financialgain;amountofmoneygainedinbusmesstotlosmthforprofit

tomakeaprofit

Syn:beneficial,gainful

profitableinvestments

•Thedealwasprofitableloall()j'us.

togiveahigherpositionorrank

•Hewasrecommended.furpromotion.

toofficiallyandpermanentlyleaveyourjoborpositionhe­

causeyouwantto

Syn:leave.quit,vacate,giveup

toresignfromsnuh

toresignone'spost/position

• She'sjttstresignedji·omthecoll!lnilfee.

_{• Themanagerwas.forcedroresignhispos/tjlerallegations}

^{<d.corruption.}

anactofresigningorawrittenstatcml!nttosayyouaredoingthis

• Youhuvethechoicebetweenre.ignationanddwms.wl.

tohandin/offer/tender/sendinone'sresignation

• U'ehaven'tyetreceilwlhisresignation

(ofindusnial\\'Orkers)noIungerneededfornnyavailablejobandthereforedismissed(esp)BrE

tobecomeihemadeifindonesclfnxluntlant

_{•Sixtyworkersweredeclaredredundam}

redundancy

11 I.astateofbeingredundantredundancypay,money.

•There\Vasahighlevelofredundancyamongunskilledworkers.

2.aworkermaderedundant

•Twuhttnclredredrmda!ICI<'Sl1ereannow1ccd111thehip­

_t•ards.

81

rHponslble

responsibility

rlse

!elfo•fldentself-control

self-dhtcipllne

self-esk"emself-reliant

82

^adj legallyormorallyobligedtotakecareofsmbfsmthortocanyoutaduty;chargeable

A•t:irresponsible,negligent

toberesponsibleforsmthIsmb

ahighlyresponsibleposition

n Syn:duty,obligation,commitmentonone'sownresponsibility

_{toassume }}

toaccept responsibility

totake

n increaseinwagesorsalary(Am£raise)

givesmbariseIraiseaskforariseIraise

^{!Shewasgivenatwenty-dollar-a-wet!kraise.}

n beliefinone'sownpowertodothingssuccessfully

•Themaingoalforheristohelpstudentsincreasetheirself­

confidenceandmotivation.

adj havingconfidenceinone'sownabilities

n nabilitytocontrolone'sbehaviourandnotactemotionally

•Theschoolemphasisesvaluessucha.respect,dignity,trustandself-control

n thetrainingofoneselftocontrolone'semotionsanddesires

•Theschoolaimstohelpchildrendevelopasenseofconsid­eration/orothersandencouragesself-disciplineandself­confidence.

•Studentsareguaranteedjobsonleavingschoolinreturnforhighstandardsofattendance,punctualityandse(fdiscipline.

n goodopinionofoneself

•Childrenlearnbestwhentheyexperiencesuccess.This.suc­

cessisthecornerstoneofselfesteem.

adj reliantonorconfidentinone'sownabihtyandresources

•Hewastooself-reliant10askforhelp.

n respectforoneself,thefeelingthatoneisbehavmgwithhon­

our,dignity,etc.

•Childrenareencouragedtodevelopself-respect.

skill	11	Syn:abilitytoshowgreatskillatsmth;todevelop,imt>rove,
		refineone'sskills:
		administrative communication
		criticalandcreativethinking