II. Прямое, косвенное и предложное дополнения

В английском языке имеются три вида дополнений: прямое, отвечающее на вопросы кого?что?, косвенное, отвечающее на вопрос кому?, и предложное, отвечающее на вопросы всех других падежей. Перед предложным дополнением всегда употребляется предлог.

I see a book on the table. Я вижу книгу на столе.

a book — прямое дополнение

Give me your book, please. Дай мне твою книгу, пожалуйста.

—косвенное дополнение

book — прямое дополнение

I live with my parents. Я живу со своими родителями.

with (my) parents — предложное дополнение

Косвенное дополнение обычно стоит после глагола перед прямым дополнением.

Однако косвенное дополнение может стоять и после прямого. В этом случае перед косвенным дополнением стоит предлог to. Сравните:

Every day the secretary brings our director the mail.

Every day the secretary brings Каждый день секретарь приносит

the mail to our director. почту нашему директору.

Такой порядок слов обычно употребляется для того, чтобы выделить лицо, к которому обращено действие.

Примечание. Если прямое дополнение выражено местоимением, то оно обычно стоит перед косвенным.

Give Nina the book. Give the book to Nina. Give it to Nina. Give it to her.

Practice: Direct, indirect and prepositional objects

1) Rewrite each of the following sentences, omitting the underlined preposition which precedes the indirect object, and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:

I bought a rose for the singer.

I bought the singer a rose.

She gave an apple to the boy.

She gave the boy an apple.

1. I handed the book to the student.

2. He wrote a letter to the twins.

3. She made a scarf for the girl.

4. I told the story to the audience.

5. We paid the money to the dentist.

6. He sent a reply to the doctor.

7. We offered the job to the students.

8. She told the news to her friends.

2) Rewrite each of the following sentences, inserting the preposition to before the indirect object, and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:

I wrote the president a letter.

I wrote a letter to the president.

They showed the visitor the garden.

They showed the garden to the visitor.

1. We sent the reporters a photograph.

2. They mailed the agency a postcard.

3. I paid the manager the fee.

4. We sold the students the doughnuts.

5. You read the teacher the story.

6. She mailed the seamstress the material.

7. I sent the workers a message.

8. He offered his guest the wine.

3) Use the words in brackets to fill the gaps.

1 They advised ________________ to buy a new one. (me / to me)

2 The teacher explained intransitive verbs ________________ . (me / to me)

3 They explained ________________ that that part of town was dangerous. (me / to me)

4 Explain it ________________ , please. (me / to me)

5 She heard ________________ talking to Claudia. (him / to him)

6 Listen ________________ when I'm speaking to you. (me / to me)

7 Juli recommended the film Death in Venice ________________ . (me / to me)

8 They said ________________ that part of town was dangerous. (me / to me)

9 I'll send it ________________ ASAP. (you / to you)

10 I'll send ________________ the book ASAP. (you / to you)

11 I suggested ________________ that they visit the museum. (them / to them)

12 They told ________________ that part of town was dangerous. (me / to me)

13 They warned ________________ not to go to that part of town. (me / to me)

14 He warned ________________ about it. (me / to me)