Unit 5

Grammar 1. Degrees of comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

2. Comparative Conjunctions

3. Basic Forms of Verbs

4. Participle I, Participle II, their Functions

Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

Ex 1. Read and translate sentences, analyze them.

1. John is a sensible and even intelligent man-only not witty. 2. Fish is common food in Northern Countries. 3. Olives from France and Russian caviare were on little plates. 4. There were silver plates with German plums and Turkish coffee on the table.5. The furniture was oak with leather seats. 6. Physics is a branch of natural sciences. 6. Chess is a game of old tradition and is internationally popular. 7. He is a good student. 8. He studies best of all.

Ex 2. Fill in blanks with suitable words

1. … weather is always welcome after rain (sun, sunny). 2. Alyaska is rich in … ore. (gold, golden). 3. This watch is really a … one, the chain is only … (gold, golden, gilded). 4. The first addition of the dictionary was … (good, well). 5. That was his … step (decisive, decisively). 6. The Opera Theatre is a… building in the city (beautiful, beautifully). 7. Are there … seats available? (cheap, cheaply).

Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

Chart

	Positive degree	Comparative degree	Superlative degree
I way (one syllable)	dark nice sad	dark- er nic-er sadd-er	(the) dark-est (the) nic-est (the) sadd-est
Two syllables (some)	complete easy	complet-er easier	(the) complet-est the easiest
II way	famous difficult	more famous more difficult	(the) most famous (the) most difficult
III way-exclusions	bad (badly) good (well) little much, many	worse better less more	(the) worst (the) best (the) least (the) most

Ex 3. Write down degrees of Comparison:

Great, important, small, narrow, fine, large, big, good, many, beautiful, unattractive, poor, easy, far, little, well, bad, difficult, rich, interesting, thin, long.

Ex 4. Use superlative adjectives in the function of an attribute.

Model: - the hottest day.

Pleasant, good, nice, old, many, beautiful, cold, bad, few, little, young, thin, hard, interesting, well, cheeful, long, brightly, badly, great, fresh.

Ex 5. Open the brackets, using correct forms.

1. He is the (good) student in the group. 2. The days are (short) in September. 3.We must dress (warm) in winter. 4. It is (warm) in May. 5.Which story is (interesting) in this book? 6. The (popular) indoor game in our country is chess. 7. It is already five minutes to nine, and the first lesson is at nine. You must come (early). 8. Let’s take this street. It is (short) than that one.

Ex 6. Answer the questions.

1. What city is the largest city in your country? 2. Who is the best student in our group? 3. Will you be earlier next time? 4. What is the best season of the year? 5. Is it more difficult for you to read Bernand Shaw’s plays in English than in Russian? 6. What is the shortest way to your house? 7. Are the streets of our capital more beautiful now than they were some years ago? 8. Who studies English very seriously? 9. What book by Dickens is more interesting for you?

Ex 7. Fill in the blanks and translate sentences.

1. This club is (лучший) in our town. 2. This is our (самая большая) room. 3.Today’s dictation is (более трудный) than yesterday’s dictation. 4. Today your translation is (лучше) than yesterday’s. 5. Your report is (хуже) than your brother’s report. 6. This is their (лучший) student. 7. It is the (самый трудный) lesson in the English text-book. 8. This text is (короче)than that one. 9. I have an (более легкий) text for you. 10. Her room has a (низкий потолок).

Ex 8. Translate into Russian.

1. Pete is tall as his father. 2. It is not so difficult as you think. 3. This lesson is not so difficult as you think. 4. As it is cold today we shall stay at home. 5. Say the word as I said it. 6. As my house is far from my Institute I go there by bus. 7. As far as I know, she is not in Moscow now. 8. As to your new methods of work, they are very interesting.

Comparative conjunctions as..as, not so .. as

Ex 9. Change sentences according to the model.

Model:

1. My mother is not so old as you think she is.

My mother is as young as his mother.

2. This book is not so interesting as that one.

This book is less interesting than that one.

1. This bag is not so big as yours. 2. The hospital you were in is not so good as this one. 3. This flight was not so dangerous as the I-st one. 4. His hand writing is not so bad as mine.5. Detective stories are not so popular in our country as they are abroad. 6.On Sundays buses are not so overcrowded as they are on week days. 7.This street is not so wide as the next one.

Ex 10. Translate sentences into Russian.

1. The days in winter are not so long as in summer. 2. This girl is as beautiful as her mother. 3. The English language is not so difficult as the German language. 4.England is not so big as the U.S.A. 5. Summer in England is not so hot as it is on the continent. 6. In summer the trees are as beautiful as in autumn. 7. Your friend’s room is as big as yours. 8. During the holidays the students are less busy than during the academic year.

Ex 11. Make up sentences according to the model.

Model: Moscow, Kiev (large)

Moscow is larger than Kiev.

1. English grammar, Russian grammar (easy). 2. Comrade Ivanov, comrade Petrov (young). 3. My bag, your bag (good). 4. This coat, that coat (expensive). 5. New street, old street (wide).

Ex 12. Make up sentences, using word-combinations.

As deep as, as bright as, as clean as, as free as, as quick as, not so big … as, not so pretty as, -as regular … as.

Ex 13. Translate and learn the joke.

The more we study, the more we know.

The more we know, the more we forget.

The more we forget, the less we know.

The less we know, the less we forget.

The less we forget, the more we know.

So why study?

Ex 14. Answer the questions

1. Is London larger than Moscow? 2. Which is the largest city in Kyrgyzstan? 3.Which is the most beautiful place in our city? 4. Are the streets in our city cleaner now than they were a few years ago? 5. How much is your father older than your mother? 6.Is your friend taller than you, or shorter? 7. Do you think it will be warmer tomorrow? 8. Which is the shortest month of the year? 9. Is it usually cold in March or is it warm? 10. Which is the shortest (longest) day of the year?

Ex 15. Translate into English

1. Какой самый большой универмаг в вашем городе. 2. Это был менее важный вопрос. Мы можем обсудить его завтра. 3. Ваша дочь старше моей. 4.Новая квартира моей сестры удобнее и светлее чем старая. 5. Эта книга будет трудной для вас Возьмите ту. Она легче и интереснее. 6.Он лучший пловец в команде. 7.Вы опоздали. Уже 8 часов. Хотя, лучше поздно, чем никогда. 8.Какой предмет самый трудный для тебя, а какой самый легкий?.