2.2 Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements.

1. One of the most important landmarks in engine design comes from Nicolaus Otto who in 1876 invented an effective steam engine.

2. Nikolaus Otto was born in Holzhausen,in a small village on the Rhine River in Germany.

3. Otto left high school and got a job as a gardener.

4. He soon developed an interest in the new technologies of the day and began experimenting with building four-stroke engines.

5. N.Otto and H.Ford started the world's first engine manufacturing company “General Motors”.

6. In 1867, the pair were awarded a Nobel Prize at the Paris World Exhibition for their atmospheric gas engine built a year earlier.

7. In May 1876, Nicolaus Otto built the first practical four-stroke piston cycle internal combustion engine.

3. Read and translate the text Grace Hopper

Few people have done as much to transform the world as Grace Murray Hoper, "Amazing Grace" to those who knew and loved her. In her work with the first computers she put us on the track to making computers accessible to everyone. Grace Murray Hopper was born in December 1906 in New York City. The oldest of three children, she showed a very early interest in gadgets always trying to figure out how things worked. When she was seven she disassembled seven alarm clocks to see what made them tick. Her love of mechanics led her to Vassar College where she earned a B.A. in Math and Physics. In 1930 she earned her M.A. and then in 1934 her PhD in Mathematics. Wanting to assist in the war effort and from a family with a history of military service, Grace decided to join the Navy. She was enrolled in Midshipman's School and graduated in the top of her class.

After she completed her training she was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project at Harvard University where she worked on the first full scale digital computer, the Mark L Mark I was used to calculate aiming angles for naval guns in a variety of weather conditions.

In 1952 she developed the first computer compiler for the UNIVAC computer. This allowed for computers to be used for normal business operations like automated billing and payroll calculation. In 1959 she took her work one step further and invented the computer language COBOL, the first user business software program. Her work has changed the face of computing. She was the first person ever to receive the Computer Sciences Man of the Year Award from the Data Processing Management Association in 1969. In 1991 she was the first individual woman to receive the National Medal of Technology.

3.1 Topical Vocabulary

1.track	дорога, путь
2. accessible	доступный
3. gadget	Устройство (новое), техническая новинка
4.to disassemble	разбирать, демонтировать
5.alarm clock	будильник
6.to lead (led, led)	вести, возглавлять
7.to earn a B.A.	получить степень бакалавра гуманитарных наук
8.to earn a M.A.	получить степень магистра гуманитарных наук
9.PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)	1) доктор философии (учёная степень; примерно соответствует степени кандидата наук в РФ; присваивается магистру как гуманитарных, так и естественных 2) доктор философии (человек с такой учёной степенью)
10.to assist	помогать, ассистировать
11.to decide	решать
12.the Navy	Военно-морской флот
13.to be enrolled in	быть зачисленным в
14.to be assign	быть назначенным на должность
15.aiming	прицеливание, наводка
16.compiler	компилятор, компилирующая программа
17.like	подобный, похожий
18.further	дальнейший от far
19.to invent	изобретать
20.to receive	получать