- •Unit 1 polluting our environment. Text
- •1. Read the text attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •6. Find Ukrainian equivalents in b to the following English word combinations in a.
- •7. Find in the text and write down the definitions of the following words.
- •Grammar study Неособові форми дієслова (Non-finite forms of the verb)
- •Дієприкметник (The Participle)
- •Форми дієприкметників
- •Функції дієприкметників в реченні
- •Значення та вживання Present Participle (Participle і)
- •Значення та вживання Past Participle
- •Exercises.
- •1. Read, translate and discuss the following text. Cutting evolution down to our size
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •2. Translate the following words using a dictionary:
- •3. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following word-combinations:
- •4. Translate the words in the brackets into English:
- •5. What is the thesis statement (the main idea to get across to a reader) of the article?
- •6. Comment on the following:
- •1. Read, translate and comment on the following dialogue:
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •Natural indicators of pollution
- •7. Answer the following questions to check your understanding of the text:
- •8. Home Assignment. Prepare a five-minute-long paper based on the material of Unit 1 and your home reading and present it at the conference in your group. Work on the recommendations given below:
- •9. Get familiarized with some clever phrases on the environmental issues.
- •Exercises.
- •Іменникові властивості герундія
- •Вживання герундія
- •Комплекси з герундієм (Complexes with the gerund)
- •Герундій і віддієслівний іменник
- •Переклад герундія українською мовою
- •Exercises.
- •7. Express the same idea by using the Indefinite Gerund Passive:
- •8. Use the Perfect Gerund Active and Passive accordingly with the expressions listed in Ex. 7:
- •9. Translate the following sentences. State the functions of the gerunds and verbal nouns in the sentences.
- •10. State whether the word in bold type is a gerund or a participle and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •11. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •12. Replace the clauses by gerundial constructions according to the model:
- •13. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian, paying attention to gerundial constructions:
- •1. Read the following text and carry out assignments given below it. The water cycle
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •A vital role of dissolved oxygen
- •2. Make a plan of the text. Discuss the text according to the plan.
- •3. Retell the text in short according to your own plan. Text
- •1. Read the text attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Spills: how we polute the sea
- •How do we control pollution?
- •How does a lake die?
- •Ocean life under sentence of death
- •2. Give the main idea of the text.
- •3. Say which are the major sources of air and sea pollution.
- •4. Retell the text as if you were a representative of the secretariat of the United Nations.
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the sentences with Infinitives used as
- •2. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the Passive Infinitive:
- •3. State the forms and functions of the Infinitives and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •4. Translate the sentences with Modal verbs with Perfect Infinitives:
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. State the functions of the Infinitives and translate the following sentences:
- •1. Read, translate and comment on the following dialogue: water and health
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered
- •2. Work in pairs. Read the dialogue several times until you are quite fluent.
- •3. Compose a similar dialogue. Speak on the topic: The main sources of water pollution. Text
- •1. Read the following text and entitle it.
- •2. Discuss the text. Topics for discussion:
- •1. Read the following text for more information on water. How do we check the quality of our water?
- •Words to be remembered
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (The Objective Infinitive Complex)
- •Exercises
- •1. Find the Objective Infinitive Complex in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •2. Transform the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Infinitive Complex according to the model:
- •3. Transform the following sentences with the Objective Infinitive Complex into complex sentences according to the model:
- •4. Translate into Ukrainian the following sentences with the Objective Infinitive Complex:
- •1. Read and translate the following text. Water treatment
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •2. Restore the dialogue.
- •Суб’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (The Subjective Infinitive Complex)
- •Exercises
- •1. Paraphrase the following sentences replacing the Subjective Infinitive Complex by subordinate clauses:
- •2. Paraphrase the following sentences replacing the subordinate clauses by the Subjective Infinitive Complex.
- •3. Translate into Ukrainian the following sentences with the Subjective Infinitive Complex:
- •Unit 3 air pollution Text
- •1. Read the text attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Carbon pollutants
- •Carbon monoxide
- •Carbon dioxide
- •2. Make sure if you remember the meaning of the following words. Consult a dictionary if necessary:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •Складнопідрядне речення (The complex sentence)
- •Exercises
- •1. Read, study and remember the following conditional sentences, paying attention to their structure and translation.
- •2. Combine the following pairs of sentences according to the model:
- •3. Change the sentences according to the model:
- •If the experiment were interesting, I should carry it out.
- •4. Change the sentences according to the model:
- •5. Complete the following sentences according to the models:
- •6. Analyse the Adverbial Clauses of Condition. Open the brackets use the correct verb forms.
- •7. Define the types of conditional clauses in the following complex sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •8. Translate in written form the following texts into Ukrainian, mind the Conditional sentences:
- •1. Look through the following text and find the answers to the given questions:
- •Sulphur dioxide
- •Acid rain
- •What can be done about it?
- •2. Make sure if you remember the meaning of the following words. Consult a dictionary if necessary:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •Do you think “acid rain” is a good term to use to describe what is causing the damage to lakes and trees? Give reasons for your answers. Unit 4 land pollution Text
- •1. Read text a attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Agricultural pollution
- •6. Read the following text for more information about phosphorus compounds. Dictionaries are allowed.
- •Умовний спосіб дієслова (the Subjunctive Mood)
- •Exercises
- •1. Make up sentences according to the models:
- •2. Open the brackets using the correct verb forms:
- •3. Translate the following sentences. Find the sentences where the Subjunctive Mood is used:
- •4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood and Adverbial Clauses of Condition:
- •5. Translate the following text paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood:
- •1. Read the text attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Is man a pest?
- •2. Find the meanings of the following words in the dictionary and try to remember them:
- •3. Words and expressions for the text comprehension:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •5. Translate the following text without using a dictionary: why do we spray our farmland?
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Describe some of the effects of spraying the land with pesticides.
- •8. Read an extract from the newspaper article and answer the questions: harvesting poison in colombia
- •9. What do you think?
- •10. Work in pairs. Read, translate and comment on the following dialogue: soil pollution
- •15. Prepare and present a talk on soil pollution. Additional texts for home reading toxic shocker
- •Noise pollution
- •What does mankind bring to the nature?
- •Keeping our environment clean
- •Recycling
- •Список використаної літератури:
- •Укладач
Natural indicators of pollution
Scientists dealing with the problem of pollution consider it very important that it should be exactly assessed. A large number of fairly sophisticated pollution gauges have been devised to serve this purpose. In addition, it has recently been found out that there are a number of natural gauges whose performance by far exceeds anything that has so far been made by man. They are plants such as lichens which are exceptionally sensitive to certain components of air pollution. Ideally such “indicators” species should be widespread, easy to recognize, and between them show a wide range of sensitivity so that the rate of fall-off pollution could be easily assessed. The sensitivity of certain plants to pollution components may also be of value to individual persons contemplating the possibility of settling down in an area. It is known, for example, that lichens are exceptionally sensitive to sulphur dioxide content in the air. It follows that people suffering from a variety of respiratory diseases would do well to live in an area where lichens are abundant on the trees.
7. Answer the following questions to check your understanding of the text:
1. How can pollution be assessed?
2. What do pollution gauges measure?
3. Can anything else be used to measure the air pollution?
4. Why is it important to use natural indicators for measuring pollution?
5. Is it easy to conduct a good pollution survey.
8. Home Assignment. Prepare a five-minute-long paper based on the material of Unit 1 and your home reading and present it at the conference in your group. Work on the recommendations given below:
Recommendations:
1. You should begin with addressing the chairman of the conference and the audience, e.g.
“Mr. Chairman! Ladies and gentlemen! I am greatly honoured to be invited to address this conference”.
2. Then you announce the subject of your paper, e.g.
“I should (would) like to talk in this paper about…”
“The subject of my paper is…”
3. The introduction to your paper may begin like this:
“First of all, I would like to…”
“In the introduction to my paper I should like to…”
“Let me begin with …”
“As many of you know…”
4. After the introduction you make a transition to the body of your paper with the help of the following sentence:
“Now, after a short introduction, I would like to turn to the main part of my paper…”
In the main part you should give the general review of the problem under consideration and then emphasize the most essential details. Here are the phrases used for logical connections of passages within the text:
“First; second; third; next; then; later; afterwards; besides; however; nevertheless; moreover; finally (eventually)”.
“As I have already mentioned…”
“I want to point out that…”
“Allow me to call your attention to…”
“As an example I can suggest…”
5. We recommend you to begin the summery of your paper with the words:
“Now let me review what I have said about”.
And at the end of your presentation do not forget to say:
“Thank you for your attention”.
Requirements:
1. In the paper you should express your opinion about the problem under
consideration. The following phrases may be used:
“In my opinion …”, “To my mind …”, “I think that…”, “I believe that …”, “I consider that …”, “If I’m not mistaken …”
2. The language of your paper should be simple and understandable!