Words and word combinations to be remembered

health hazards – небезпека для здоров’я

grave concern - серйозне хвилювання

cesspool – вигрібна яма; стічний колодязь

cellular system - клітинний система

manifold 1) різнобічний; різноманітний 2) численний

penetrate - проникати всередину

shell-fish - істота з панцирем (устриця, краб тощо)

multiply - збільшуватися

marine fishery products - морські рибні продукти

2. Work in pairs. Read the dialogue several times until you are quite fluent.

Memorize and reproduce the dialogue.

3. Compose a similar dialogue. Speak on the topic: The main sources of water pollution. Text

1. Read the following text and entitle it.

Water is the most abundant resource, covering about 75 per cent of the earth’s surface. This precious film of water helps maintain the earth’s climate, dilutes pollutants, and is essential to life. The much smaller amount of fresh water constantly renewed by the hydrological cycle is also vital for agriculture, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities. Despite its importance, water is one of the most poorly managed resources on the earth. We waste it and pollute it.

About 97 per cent of the earth’s volume of water is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking. The remaining 3 per cent is fresh water. But all except 0.003 per cent of this supply is polluted, lies too far under the surface or locked up in glaciers, polar ice caps, atmosphere, and soil. According to the World Health Organization, 1.5 billion people do not have a safe supply of drinking water. The major types of water pollutants are disease causing agents (viruses, bacteria), organic wastes, organic and inorganic chemicals, radioactive substances, heat.

2. Discuss the text. Topics for discussion:

• harmful effect of human activities,

• ways to reduce these effects,

• dumping wastes in the ocean,

• personal contribution to water conservation.

Text

1. Read the following text for more information on water. How do we check the quality of our water?

My name is Jane Spooner and I work as an engineer for the Severn Trent Water Company. The area we cover is the whole basin of the Severn and the Trent rivers.

It is my job to see that everyone in this area of Britain has a good water supply. The Company checks to see that the rivers and streams in our area are not being polluted. The Severn Trent Company employs a group of people like myself, who see that factories, farms, villages and towns are not discharging waste into the water.

Water can be grouped into four classes of quality, from the best, which is fit for drinking to the poorest, which is polluted and may cause damage to the environment.

In 1996, in the Severn Trent region, we calculated that approximately 270 kilometers of streams and rivers were becoming more polluted and approximately 100 kilometers were improving their quality.

Surveys like this are carried out each of year. It gives us a chance to work out which sections of river that we need to improve. This will be done by checking the quality of water that factories, sewage works, and farmers’ fields are passing into the rivers.

Pesticides may pollute public water and cause damage to human health. They can poison aquatic life. If pesticides are used carefully and instruction followed, they can be safe. Pollution is caused when sprays are not correctly made up, sprayed or stored. Polluting water supplies is illegal and people causing damage to wildlife, fish and water can be prosecuted. Spillage can sometimes be accidental, perhaps when a can is knocked over, but more often it happens when a spray tank is washed out into farmyard drains.