Exercises.

Ex.1. State the voice (Active or Passive) and the functions of the Participle I in the following sentences and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. The student translating the article knows English very well. 2. Translating the article, the student does not consult a dictionary.3. While translating the article the student did not consult a dictionary. 4. The experiment being carried out in our laboratory is very important for my work. 5. Being carried out in our laboratory the experiment can be studied thoroughly by our students.

Ex.2. State the functions of the Participle II in the following sentences and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Distilled water has to be heated. 2. A piece of iron placed in a container with an acid can diminish in mass. 3. When compressed a gas changes its volume. 4. When heated the polymer changed its properties. 5. The device invented showed good performance. 6. When cooled, water turns into ice. 7. Unless heated this substance does not melt. 8. The results obtained were quite predictable. 9. Cooling followed by heating gave good results. 10. The substance affected by a magnetic field was a metal.

Ex.3. Translate the following sentences according to the given model:

involved (concerned) - даний, цей, про який йде мова.

Model: The question involved was very important.

Дане (це) питання було дуже важливим.

1. The problem involved deals with inert gases. 2. The question involved will be discussed later. 3. The existence of rarefied atmosphere may be proved by the device concerned. 4. The importance of the technique involved was evident to everybody. 5. The rate of the reaction depends on the nature of the substance involved. 6. The elements involved varied in their properties greatly.

Ex. 4. Replace the subordinate clauses by the Perfect Participle according to the model:

Model: When they had finished their work, they left the lab.

Having finished their work, they left the lab.

1. When the composition of the substance had been determined, the scientists compared it with some other substances. 2. When they had investigated all the properties, they could state that these gases were harmful. 3. After they had separated nitrogen from other gases, they obtained it in nearly pure condition. 4. When he had found the needed solvent, he could continue his experiment. 5. When Peter had been asked to come to the Institute, he went there immediately. 6. When Ann had done her home-work, she decided to have a rest. 7. After they had considered the problem, they arrived at a definite conclusion.

Ex. 5. Open the brackets choosing the correct forms of the Participles.

1. Detergents (contained, containing) phosphates are discharged into rivers and lakes. 2. When water evaporates from the sea, the (dissolved, dissolving) salts remain. 3. Rain water flows back towards the sea, (completed, completing) the cycle. 4. (Performing, performed) this experiment we noticed that the substance changed its colour. 5. (Dissolved, having dissolved) substances do not settle if the solution is not supersaturated. 6. (Raising, raised) the temperature, we increase the agitation of the molecules.

Ex. 6. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Define the forms and the functions of the particles.

1. We are part of what ecologists call the biosphere – the living and dead organisms found near the earth’s surface. 2. Among physical factors affecting ecosystems are sunlight and shade, temperature, precipitation, wind, soil, fire, etc. 3. The list of products being manufactured by biotechnological methods is very long. 4. Water is our most abundant resource, covering about 71 per cent of the earth’s surface. 5. Many exciting discoveries are being made by biochemists. 6. At present, most highly developed countries are taking steps to fight pollution. 7.Water contaminated with pesticides may seep into the soil and run into the local stream or river. 8.When heated, water changes into an invisible gas; freezing it we get a sold block of crystals. 9. While burning different substances combine with oxygen. 10. Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. 11. Having obtained the necessary compound we could finish our experiment. 12. Having been given due attention the problem was successfully solved.

Ex.7. Supply the appropriate participles (Participle I or Participle II) instead of the Infinitives in brackets:

1. Scientists (to deal) with the problems of pollution insist on its being exactly assessed. 2. The problem of pollution in industrial areas (to deal) with in this paper is one of the most important for modern science. 3. People (to use) force when it is not necessary cannot be justified. 4. Computers (to use) in the research, saved the scientists a lot of time. 5. Drought (to follow) by famine had a disastrous effect on the economy of the country. 6. The discovery of the synthetic penicillin (to follow) the original discovery by Fleming, was also made in Britain. 7. (To carry out) numerous experiments and tests, the scientists tried to prove the original hypothesis. 8. The experiments (to carry out) by a team of young scientists led to sensational results.

Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. This creates a demand for recycled goods that businesses will answer. 2. Old rubber tires are often used on playgrounds and for reinforcement of road pavement. 3. Reprocessing factories could not handle all the paper that people were collecting. 4. Trash can be dumped, burned or recycled (reused in a different form).

Text