
- •Unit 1 polluting our environment. Text
- •1. Read the text attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •6. Find Ukrainian equivalents in b to the following English word combinations in a.
- •7. Find in the text and write down the definitions of the following words.
- •Grammar study Неособові форми дієслова (Non-finite forms of the verb)
- •Дієприкметник (The Participle)
- •Форми дієприкметників
- •Функції дієприкметників в реченні
- •Значення та вживання Present Participle (Participle і)
- •Значення та вживання Past Participle
- •Exercises.
- •1. Read, translate and discuss the following text. Cutting evolution down to our size
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •2. Translate the following words using a dictionary:
- •3. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following word-combinations:
- •4. Translate the words in the brackets into English:
- •5. What is the thesis statement (the main idea to get across to a reader) of the article?
- •6. Comment on the following:
- •1. Read, translate and comment on the following dialogue:
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •Natural indicators of pollution
- •7. Answer the following questions to check your understanding of the text:
- •8. Home Assignment. Prepare a five-minute-long paper based on the material of Unit 1 and your home reading and present it at the conference in your group. Work on the recommendations given below:
- •9. Get familiarized with some clever phrases on the environmental issues.
- •Exercises.
- •Іменникові властивості герундія
- •Вживання герундія
- •Комплекси з герундієм (Complexes with the gerund)
- •Герундій і віддієслівний іменник
- •Переклад герундія українською мовою
- •Exercises.
- •7. Express the same idea by using the Indefinite Gerund Passive:
- •8. Use the Perfect Gerund Active and Passive accordingly with the expressions listed in Ex. 7:
- •9. Translate the following sentences. State the functions of the gerunds and verbal nouns in the sentences.
- •10. State whether the word in bold type is a gerund or a participle and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •11. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •12. Replace the clauses by gerundial constructions according to the model:
- •13. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian, paying attention to gerundial constructions:
- •1. Read the following text and carry out assignments given below it. The water cycle
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •A vital role of dissolved oxygen
- •2. Make a plan of the text. Discuss the text according to the plan.
- •3. Retell the text in short according to your own plan. Text
- •1. Read the text attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Spills: how we polute the sea
- •How do we control pollution?
- •How does a lake die?
- •Ocean life under sentence of death
- •2. Give the main idea of the text.
- •3. Say which are the major sources of air and sea pollution.
- •4. Retell the text as if you were a representative of the secretariat of the United Nations.
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the sentences with Infinitives used as
- •2. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the Passive Infinitive:
- •3. State the forms and functions of the Infinitives and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •4. Translate the sentences with Modal verbs with Perfect Infinitives:
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. State the functions of the Infinitives and translate the following sentences:
- •1. Read, translate and comment on the following dialogue: water and health
- •Words and word combinations to be remembered
- •2. Work in pairs. Read the dialogue several times until you are quite fluent.
- •3. Compose a similar dialogue. Speak on the topic: The main sources of water pollution. Text
- •1. Read the following text and entitle it.
- •2. Discuss the text. Topics for discussion:
- •1. Read the following text for more information on water. How do we check the quality of our water?
- •Words to be remembered
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (The Objective Infinitive Complex)
- •Exercises
- •1. Find the Objective Infinitive Complex in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •2. Transform the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Infinitive Complex according to the model:
- •3. Transform the following sentences with the Objective Infinitive Complex into complex sentences according to the model:
- •4. Translate into Ukrainian the following sentences with the Objective Infinitive Complex:
- •1. Read and translate the following text. Water treatment
- •Vocabulary and comprehension
- •2. Restore the dialogue.
- •Суб’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (The Subjective Infinitive Complex)
- •Exercises
- •1. Paraphrase the following sentences replacing the Subjective Infinitive Complex by subordinate clauses:
- •2. Paraphrase the following sentences replacing the subordinate clauses by the Subjective Infinitive Complex.
- •3. Translate into Ukrainian the following sentences with the Subjective Infinitive Complex:
- •Unit 3 air pollution Text
- •1. Read the text attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Carbon pollutants
- •Carbon monoxide
- •Carbon dioxide
- •2. Make sure if you remember the meaning of the following words. Consult a dictionary if necessary:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •Складнопідрядне речення (The complex sentence)
- •Exercises
- •1. Read, study and remember the following conditional sentences, paying attention to their structure and translation.
- •2. Combine the following pairs of sentences according to the model:
- •3. Change the sentences according to the model:
- •If the experiment were interesting, I should carry it out.
- •4. Change the sentences according to the model:
- •5. Complete the following sentences according to the models:
- •6. Analyse the Adverbial Clauses of Condition. Open the brackets use the correct verb forms.
- •7. Define the types of conditional clauses in the following complex sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •8. Translate in written form the following texts into Ukrainian, mind the Conditional sentences:
- •1. Look through the following text and find the answers to the given questions:
- •Sulphur dioxide
- •Acid rain
- •What can be done about it?
- •2. Make sure if you remember the meaning of the following words. Consult a dictionary if necessary:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •Do you think “acid rain” is a good term to use to describe what is causing the damage to lakes and trees? Give reasons for your answers. Unit 4 land pollution Text
- •1. Read text a attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Agricultural pollution
- •6. Read the following text for more information about phosphorus compounds. Dictionaries are allowed.
- •Умовний спосіб дієслова (the Subjunctive Mood)
- •Exercises
- •1. Make up sentences according to the models:
- •2. Open the brackets using the correct verb forms:
- •3. Translate the following sentences. Find the sentences where the Subjunctive Mood is used:
- •4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood and Adverbial Clauses of Condition:
- •5. Translate the following text paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood:
- •1. Read the text attentively. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •Is man a pest?
- •2. Find the meanings of the following words in the dictionary and try to remember them:
- •3. Words and expressions for the text comprehension:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •5. Translate the following text without using a dictionary: why do we spray our farmland?
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Describe some of the effects of spraying the land with pesticides.
- •8. Read an extract from the newspaper article and answer the questions: harvesting poison in colombia
- •9. What do you think?
- •10. Work in pairs. Read, translate and comment on the following dialogue: soil pollution
- •15. Prepare and present a talk on soil pollution. Additional texts for home reading toxic shocker
- •Noise pollution
- •What does mankind bring to the nature?
- •Keeping our environment clean
- •Recycling
- •Список використаної літератури:
- •Укладач
Дієприкметник (The Participle)
Participle — неособова форма дієслова, що має властивості дієслова, прикметника і прислівника.
Форми дієприкметників
В англійській мові дієприкметники мають форми теперішнього часу (Present Participle або Participle І), минулого часу (Past Participle або Participle II) і перфектну Perfect Participle), а також форми пасивного і активного стану.
Форми дієприкметника |
Перехідні дієслова |
Неперехідні дієслова |
|
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
Active voice |
|
Present Participle |
asking |
being asked |
going |
Past Participle |
|
asked |
gone |
Perfect Participle |
having asked |
having been asked |
having gone |
Функції дієприкметників в реченні
1. Participle І (Active) утворюється додаванням до основи дієслова суфікса -ing: to work — working
Примітка: 1. Якщо інфінітив закінчується німим -e, то перед закінченням -ing воно опускається:
to write – writing
2. Якщо інфінітив закінчується однією приголосною буквою, якій передує короткий наголошений голосний звук, то перед закінченням -ing кінцева приголосна подвоюється: to sit – sitting, to swim – swimming
Примітка: кінцева буква k після oo не подвоюється: to look – looking
3. Кінцева буква r подвоюється, якщо останній склад наголошений і не містить дифтонга:
to prefer – preferring
4. Кінцева буква l підвоюється, якщо їй передує короткий голосний звук ( наголошений чи ненаголошений) : to travel – travelling
5. У дієсловах to lie лежати, брехати; to tie зав’язувати; to die умирати буквосполучення -ie перед закінченням -ing змінюється на –y: to lie – lying, to tie – tying, to die - dying
У реченні Participle І може бути означенням і відповідає українському активному дієприкметникові теперішнього часу: working - працюючий.
We watched the playing children. – Ми дивилися на граючих дітей.
Якщо означення, виражене Participle І, має пояснювальні слова, воно ставиться після означуваного іменника:
We watched the children playing basket-ball on the school sports-ground.
Такі поширені означення, виражені Participle І із залежними від нього словами, можуть бути замінені підрядними означальними:
We watched the children who were playing basket-ball on the school sports-ground.
Participle І (Active) може бути обставиною і відповідає українському дієприслівникові теперішнього часу: working - працюючи.
а) обставина часу:
Walking home I didn’t hurry. When walking home I didn’t hurry. While walking home I didn’t hurry. |
Йдучи додому, я не поспішав. |
б) обставина причини:
Knowing the way I didn’t hurry. Not knowing French she couldn’t understand us. Being busy, she couldn’t speak to me. |
Знаючи дорогу, я не поспішав. Не знаючи французької мови, вона не могла розуміти нас. Будучи зайнятою, вона не могла поговорити зі мною. |
в) обставина способу дії:
He stood at the window thinking about his future. |
Він стояв біля вікна, думаючи про своє майбутнє. |