Test XIII unit XIII earthquakes and the earth’s structure

I. Give Russian equivalents.

To glide continuously around the globe; to store energy; to exert against an object; brittle fracture; long-term earthquake prediction; to deform in an elastic manner; to bind plates together; the initial rupture point of an earthquake.

II. Give English equivalents.

Покрываться рябью; внутренняя сейсмическая волна; границы тектонической плиты; высвобождать сохранившуюся энергию; происходить часто; создавать вибрации; двигаться со скоростью 16 см в год; тектонические силы; изменять объем и форму.

III. Match the words from “a” and “b” to make word combinations.

1. original; to transmit energy; a sequence; to travel; to ripple; plastic; to undulate;

2. of waves; across the ground; across the water; size and shape; deformation; from one place to another; through the Earth’s interior.

IV. Complete the sentences.

1. . . . . is a force exerted against an object.

2. . . . . travel through the Earth’s interior.

3. . . . . radiate from the epicenter along the Earth’s surface.

4. The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is . . . .

5. Waves that travel through rock are called . . . .

(body waves; seismic waves; stress; surface waves; the epicenter)

V. Choose the right word.

Move; movement; moving.

1. . . . . of lithospheric plates is the most common source of tectonic stress.

2. Although tectonic plates . . . . at rates between 1 and 16 cm per year, friction prevents their slipping.

3. The rocks may . . . . from a few centimeters to a few meters.

4. Most earthquakes occurring on our planet are due to . . . . deep in the crust of the great masses of rock.

5. Huge faults . . . . from time to time are tectonic plate boundaries.

VI. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of Infinitive.

1. In 1935 Charles Richter devised the Richter scale to express earthquake magnitude.

2. To pinpoint the location of an earthquake, geologists compare data from three or more recording stations.

3. To predict an earthquake means to study and analyse the data based on seismic observation.

4. Problems to be discussed at the conference deal with earthquake damage in this area.

VII. Make up questions.

1. When an object is stressed, it changes volume and shape .(When?)

2. A wave transmits energy from one place to another. (What?)

3. Body waves travel through the Earth. (. . . . or . . . .?)

4. The movement of lithospheric plates is the most common source of tectonic stress. (General question)

5. An earthquake produces different types of seismic waves. (What types?)

VIII. Read the text.

In a subduction zone, a relatively cold, rigid lithospheric plate dives beneath another plate and slowly sinks into the mantle. In most places, the subducting plate sinks with intermittent slips and jerks, giving rise to numerous earthquakes. The earthquakes concentrate along the upper part of the sinking plate, where it scrapes past the opposing plate. This earthquake zone is called the Benioff zone, after the geologist who first recognized it. Many of the world’s strongest earthquakes occur in subduction zones.

Are the following statements true or false?

1. In a subduction zone a rigid lithospheric plate slowly sinks into the crust.

2. The earthquakes concentrate in the upper part of the sinking plate.

3. Benioff was the first geologist to determine the earthquake zone.

4. Subduction zone is a place where earthquakes usually occur.