- •Unit VIII
- •V. Use the words in brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Put all types of questions to the sentence.
- •VIII. Read the text.
- •IX. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Test IX unit IX ocean basins
- •V. Use the word in brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Put all types of questions to the sentence.
- •VIII. Read the text.
- •IX. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Test X unit X geologic time: a story in the rocks
- •V. Choose the correct word form.
- •VI. Transform the sentences using Participle II.
- •VII. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Put questions to which the following sentences are the answers.
- •IX. Read the text.
- •X. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Test XI unit XI plutons and volcanoes
- •V. Choose the right word.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the verbs ending in -ed.
- •VIII. Put questions to which the following sentences are the answers.
- •IX. Read the text.
- •X. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Test XII unit XII metamorphic rocks
- •V. Choose the right word.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Choose sentences in which –ing forms is Gerund and translate them into Russian.
- •It is difficult to understand the nature of fossils without studying their origin.
- •VIII. Make up questions.
- •IX. Read the text.
- •X. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Test XIII unit XIII earthquakes and the earth’s structure
- •V. Choose the right word.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of Infinitive.
- •VII. Make up questions.
- •VIII. Read the text.
- •IX. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Test XIV unit XIV geologic structures, mountain range and continents
- •V. Choose the right word.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences.
- •VII. Make questions beginning with the words in brackets.
- •VIII. Read the text.
- •IX. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Text XV unit XV plate tectonics. A first look
- •V. Choose the right word.
- •VI. Translate the sentences.
- •VII. Make up questions.
- •VIII. Read the text.
- •IX. Translate from Russian into English.
VIII. Put questions to which the following sentences are the answers.
Volcanoes explode violently or gently because they consist of different types of magma.
Yes, it does. Water tends to escape as steam from hot magma.
Many granitic plutons are large, measuring tens of kilometers in diameter.
IX. Read the text.
Because plutonic rocks crystallize within the crust, we cannot see them form. However, tectonic forces commonly raise them, and erosion exposes these intrusive rocks in many of the world’s greatest mountain ranges. California’s Sierra Nevada, portions of the European Alps, and parts of the Himalayas are made up of plutonic rocks.
In contrast, a volcanic eruption can be one of the most conspicuous and violent of all geologic events. During the past 100 years, eruptions have killed approximately 100.000 people and caused about $10 billion in damage. Some eruptions have buried towns and cities in hot lava or volcanic ash. For example, the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelee on the Caribbean island of Martinique buried the city of Saint Pierre in glowing volcanic ash that killed 29.000 people. Other volcanoes erupt gently. Tourists flock to Hawaii to photograph flowing lava and fire fountains erupting into the sky.
Are the following statements true or false?
We can clearly see how plutonic rock crystallizes within the crust.
A volcanic eruption is one of the most violent geologic events.
All volcanoes erupt gently on the Earth’s crust.
X. Translate from Russian into English.
Земная кора, океаны, реки и озера появились в результате вулканической деятельности.
Магма образуется глубоко внутри земли и затвердевает в коре, образуя плутонические породы.
В других случаях магма извергается на земную поверхность, образуя магматические породы.
Test XII unit XII metamorphic rocks
I. Give Russian equivalents.
Moist clay; parent rock; foliation; metamorphic grade; to undergo metamorphism; fossilliferous limestone; slaty cleavage; to saturate; clay-rich mud; random (parallel) orientation; under certain conditions.
II. Give English equivalents.
Устойчивый минерал; геотермальный градиент; интенсивность метаморфизма; текстура; точка плавления; метаморфизм (контактный, региональный, гидротермальный, погружения); жила; почва и коренная порода; минералогические изменения; кварцевый песчаник.
III. Match the words from “a” and “b” to make word combinations.
to be different in; within a certain; to alter; small veins; the high-grade; recrystallized; changing;
of granitic magma; quartz grains; chemical environment; temperature range (pressure range); metamorphic rocks; origin; chemical composition.
IV. Complete the sentences.
. . . . expresses the intensity of metamorphism that affected a rock.
The combination of metamorphism and . . . . creates layering in the rocks.
The rate at which temperature increases with depth is called . . . .
. . . . results from deep burial of rocks in a sedimentary basin.
. . . . occurs in and near a subduction zone, where tectonic forces build mountains and deform rocks.
(regional metamorphism; deformation; burial metamorphism; metamorphic grade; the geothermal gradient)