V. Which of the following words are:

1. Nouns: a) solid; b) solidify; c) solidification; d) solidified.

2. Participle II: a) round; b) surrounded; c) surrounding; d) surround.

3. Adverb: a) origin; b) originally; c) originate; d) original.

4. Participle I: a) melt; b) melted; c) molten; d) melting.

VI. Do the test. Only one variant is possible.

1. Rock is much . . . . in the mantle than in the crust.

1. hot; b) hottest; c) the hottest.

2. Pluto is . . . . planet in the Solar System.

1. small; b) smaller; c) the smallest.

3. The rock-forming minerals are . . . . than accessory minerals.

1. important; b) more important; c) the most important.

4. Density of a crust is . . . . than density of a mantle.

1. lower; b) more low; c) the lowest.

5. Observations . . . . that a wet rock generally melts at a lower temperature than an otherwise identical dry rock.

1. showed; b) have shown; c) have been shown.

6. Earth history . . . . into units displayed in the geologic time scale.

a) divided; b) had been divided; c) has been divided.

7. Oceanographers examine the see water, ocean floor, submarine currents, but the world ocean . . . . yet.

1. was not studied; b) will not study; c) has not been studied.

8. Tectonic forces . . . . rocks at the base and sides of a glacier.

1. fractures; b) is fractured; c) have fractured.

VII. Make up questions beginning with the words in brackets.

1. Igneous rocks have crystallized from solidified magma. (What rocks?)

2. The mountain belts are the zones of major deformation. (Are?)

3. Intrusive rocks have been formed by cooling rocks of the Earth’s crust. (By what process?)

VIII. Read the text.

Geologists group rocks into three categories on the basis of how they form: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.

Under certain conditions, rocks of the upper mantle and lower crust melt, forming a hot liquid called magma. An igneous rock forms when magma solidifies. About 95 percent of the Earth’s crust consists of igneous rock and metamorphosed igneous rock. Although much of this igneous foundation is buried by a relatively this layer of sedimentary rock, igneous rocks are conspicuous because they make up some of the world’s most spectacular mountains. Granite and basalt are two common and familiar igneous rocks.

Are the following statements true or false?

1. Sedimentary rocks form when magma solidifies.

2. About 95 percent of the Earth’s crust consists of sedimentary rocks.

3. Geologists group rocks into three categories on the basis of their mode of occurrence: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.

4. Magma forms in the result of upper mantle melting.

IX. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Магматические горные породы образуются из расплавленного материала.

2. Магма, застывшая на поверхности после извержения, образует вулканические породы.

3. Когда магма остывает, затвердевает и кристаллизуется, ее состав меняется.

Test IV unit IV sedimentary rocks

I. Give Russian equivalents.

To bury; to precipitate; to retain; viscosity; the rounded cobbles; to be well sorted; to be filled with water; angular; rounded particles; to empty into the ocean; to prevent the particles from abrading each other; freshly deposited.

II. Give English equivalents.

Обломочный; испаряться; рыхлый; отлого опускаться; материнская порода; выветренные породы; проточная вода; устойчивость частиц; зависеть от размера, формы и сортности частиц; обращать несцементированные осадки в твердую породу.

III. Match the words from “a” and “b” to make word combinations.

1. river; plat; to be well; clay-rich; buried and compacted; to accumulate; to tumble; viscosity and; to convert to; to form;

2. mud; sorted; coal; valleys; sediment; velocity; remains; near continental coastlines; against each other; by direct precipitation of minerals.

IV. Complete the sentences.

1. . . . . refers to processes that convert loose sediment to hard rock.

2. . . . . consists of lithified sand grains.

3. . . . . is a nonfissile rock composed of clay and silt.

4. The undecayed or partially decayed plant remains form . . . .

5. Most sediment becomes lithified by . . . . and . . . .

6. Limestone formed from organic material is called . . . .

(peat; mudstone; cementation; sandstone; lithification; a bioclastic rock; compaction)