15. Fill in the gaps with a suitable derivative from the word given in brackets.

Transport and Distribution

The world of business needs a transport system if it is to function (1. to effect). On the one hand, raw materials have to be brought to the factories for processing. Very often those materials need to be imported from other countries. There are so many (2. to differ) materials called for that few countries are able to cater for the needs of their industries. Some countries are rich in one commodity. Other countries are rich in other commodities. The resources of all the countries in the world can be made (3. availability) to all – so long as there are the necessary means of transport.

For a typical person in an industrialized country there is nothing that he or she consumes, from food to cars, which is not imported from abroad or made at least (4. part) from imported raw materials. The world is (5. economy) interdependent. A car may be assembled in England from parts made in Japan or Germany, which are in turn made of raw materials such as rubber from Malaysia, iron ore from Sweden and chrome from Zimbabwe. The petrol which fuels it may well from Saudi Arabia. The total miles traveled by all the (6. to vary) materials before they become a car which can be used is astronomical.

Even during the (7. to produce) process transport is important. The work flow will be designed to ensure that the materials being processed travel the shortest possible distance along the factory floor.

However, it is after the goods have been produced that transport becomes a major issue again. Between the factories and the final consumers will be a battery of professional (8. to carry). Fleets of lorries and vans will now be brought into play. In many cases the factories will use the services of a wholesaler. The wholesaler buys in goods from a variety of (9. to manufacture) and then distributes them to the retailers, or shopkeepers, as they are more generally called.

a)	What single word explains the central idea of each passage?
b)	Find in the text and read out the sentences which have the synonymous meaning with the following statements.
	1.	Thanks to existing transport system it is possible for every country to import different materials.
	2.	Transport system is needed not only for production of goods.
c)	Try to give an extended answer to the following questions.
	1.	To what extent is the Republic of Belarus economically independent?
	2.	What methods of transport do you think would be used to bring the raw materials into a typical factory?
	3.	What different methods of transport are available to businesses?
	4.	What functions do wholesalers perform?
d)	Give details to expand an idea into a paragraph.
	1.	The world of business needs a transport system to function effectively.
	2.	The world is economically interdependent.
	3.	The wholesalers reduce the amount of transportation required.