9. Перекладіть речення, визначивши в них розмовні елементи та звертаючи увагу на особливості їх перекладу:

This is wild speculation, but I shall offer a little evidence shortly. 2. There is no doubt that the United States has many foolish, litigation-spawning statutes that England has been spared. 3. Several studies have found that the more lawyers a nation has, other things being equal, the lower rate of economic growth. Good news for England? Not really! 4. English cases "turn over" less frequently than American, implying a lower rate of legal change. 5. He has submitted a 'skeleton argument", which is to say a brief outline of his argument. 6. Two previous speakers tfa'd said bad things about David Hilbert. So I started by saying that in spite of ivhat you might have heard in some of the previous lectures, Hilbert was not a twit! 7. But I'm sure he didn't think that it would be a practical decision procedure. The one I've outlined would only work in principle. It's exponentially slow, it's terribly slow! Totally impractical. 8. However, I have already noticed one advantage to the gopher in the MOO environment; it is an excellent environment in which an experienced gopher user can show a novice the ropes. 9. His famous lecture in the year 1900 is a call to arms to mathematicians to solve a list of twenty-three difficult problems. As a young kid becoming a mathematician you read that list of twenty- three problems and Hilbert is saying that there is no limit to what mathematicians can do. 10. He recognizes that judges sometimes "stretch the law" to do substantive justice. 11. And we' 11 assume that it's consistent, which is a minimum requirement - if you can prove false results it's really pretty bad. 12. Schroedinger's cat is a thought experiment designed to illustrate the counterintuitive and strange notions of reality that come along with quantum mechanics. 13. In my view science, despite blips and errors, more and more provides an understanding of the world. There is one argument that may be persuasive - the role of mathematics. 14. You see, if you assume that you have a formal axiomatic system for arithmetic and it's consistent, from Gfidel you know that it can't be complete, but there still might be a decision procedure. 15. While neither Weinberg nor Wolpert believe that science studies will warp the minds of scientists, they do believe that it can have an unsavory influence on science policymakers who are looking for excuses to trim down expensive science. 16. Next Weinberg tackles the anthropologism of science studies head on. 17. Whereas Weinberg writes as a scientific native - so much so that it sometimes seems that all of recent physics has crossed his blackboard at some point - Wolpert conveys more of the air of a cicerone who is clearly knowledgeable about the artifacts on display but, equally clearly, not their designer.

10. Перекладіть речення, вибравши адекватний спосіб передачі на українську мову займенника і:

1. I would like to stress that these systems differ only in one respect. 2.1 would like to insure these people actually have material to put in those computers when they get them. 3. I examine the arguments that they make on behalf of science and against science studies, with an eye toward turning their charges into an opportunity for public debate about the future of science. 4.1 especially focus on how Weinberg and Wolpert mobilize the history of science for their purposes. 5. As I have hoped to demonstrate in my own writing, many important points can be made and issues raised. 6. Speaking for myself, I believe that science studies must be sure to couple its commitment to disciplinary diversity with an imperative to rearrange disciplinary boundaries. 7. I have found mathematical truths that are true for no reason at all. 8. Using software written in Mathematica that runs on an IBM RS/6000 workstation, I constructed a perverse 200-page algebraic equation with a parameter N and 17,000 unknowns. 9. However I think that Turing's 193 6 approach is better. 10. In 19741 redid algorithmic information theory with "self-delimiting" programs and then I discovered the halting probability О (omega). 11.1 think the same is true for the square root of 2. 12.1 will explain what this means more precisely later. 13. As I said before, the only way a formal axiomatic system can get out these results is essentially just to put them in as assumptions. 14. To get this equation, I use ideas that start in Godel's original 1931 paper. 15. I'm claiming I have a much stronger incompleteness result. 16.1 believe that Euclid's statement that an axiom is a self-evident truth is a big mistake. 17.1 think that the question of how we should actually do mathematics requires at least another generation of work. 18. The analogy I wish to draw here is not particularly difficult to grasp. 29. The only point I wish to make here is that this is ,pot the only, nor necessarily the most desirable, image of democratic governance. 20.1 will now address the limitations of this version of constructivism. 21. The ;SPrt of behavioral changes I envision here may be quite subtle.

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