Вариант 3

(для студентов технологических вузов пищевой промышленности)

I. Прочитайте, и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,3 и 4-й абзацы.

.Пояснения к тексту

1. livestock farming - животноводство

2. to provide for—предусматривать

3. chemicalization — обработка химическими веществами

4. pesticides and herbicides — пестициды и гербициды

SCIENCE AND FOOD INDUSTRY

1. The Food Programme adopted by the Soviet Union includes problems relating to raising the productivity of crop and livestockfarming,¹ wide use of chemistry in agriculture, development of more efficient agricultural machinery and others. The political report to the XXVII Congress of the CPSU points out that to achieve the quick growth of agricultural production it is important to develop and modernize the material and technical basis of agriculture.

2. The application of new machines in agricultural production .has been one of the greatest developments in agriculture during the past few years. Modern farm machines are used to make the farmer's work easier and more productive.

3. The Programme provides for² the use of the latest scientific achievements and at the same time sets complicated tasks before science. Take, for example, chemicalization³. In little less than ten years the production and application of mineral fertilizers in the country has risen approximately three-fold. Nitrogenous and phosphorous fertilizers made by the Soviet chemical industry possess superior physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Soviet scientists have contributed a great deal to the development of future complex fertilizers.

4. A steady growth of agricultural production would be impossible without using pesticides and herbicides⁴. A series of new pesticides is currently undergoing state tests. These tests are mainly aimed at examining the biological properties 6f the chemical substances which must be harmless to man, animals and soil.

5. Much attention is given to the evolution of new varieties and breeds of animals that is of great importance to intensive farming. Agricultural production must be based in the main on A continuous change of varieties (every 5-7 years). This will help to make full and quick use of the latest achievements of selection and genetics.

II. Выпишите из 2-го абзаца текста предложение, содержащее инфинитив в функции обстоятельства, и переведите его письменно.

III. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What is of great importance to intensive farming?

Вариант 4

(для студентов транспортных вузов)

I. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2 и 3-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

1. along with-наряду

2. accessible—доступный

3. low fares —низкая плата за проезд

4. in the mid-20's - в середине 20-х годов

PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SOVIET CITIES

1. More than 180 million people live in Soviet cities, and everyday practically all of them use public transport which is the main city passenger carriage. Along with¹ the industrialization and collectivization of agriculture the young Soviet state solved the problem of establishing urban transport. From the very beginning the USSR has oriented itself on public transport which ensures the mass carriage of passengers and which is easily accessible² to all for its low fares.³

2. Public transport in Soviet cities was started with the construction of tram lines and with the arrangement of bus traffic. A san initial measure in the mid-20's⁴ the first buses were bought in Britain and Germany. Since then the Soviet Union has started preparing for the mass production of buses and trolley-buses. Fifty years ago the first Soviet trolley-bus line was built in Moscow. The vehicles for it and also for the next new routes were supplied by the Soviet plants.

3. Passengers evaluate the Metro (underground railway) in the Soviet Union as the best type of transport. The decision to build the first Soviet subway in the capital was taken in 1931. The Metro was considered to be the main means of solving the problem of carrying passengers fast and with low fares.

4. Thousands of people, mainly young ones, many of whom had accumulated experience of work in coal and ore mines, took part in the construction of the Moscow Metro. It took three years to build the first 11.6-kilometre-long Metro line with 13 underground marble-granite stations. We know regular traffic of trains to have been started since May 15,1935, and then the construction of the Metro has been continuing.

5. In 4984 an underground railway was put into operation in Minsk. Metroes are under construction in Novosibirsk, Gorki and Kuibyshev. Plans have been drawn up to build underground rail-,ways in Riga, Rostov-on-Don, Sverdlovsk and Dnepropetrovsk.

II. Выпишите из 4-го абзаца предложение, содержащее объектный инфинитивный оборот, и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

Ш. Прочитайте -5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:

When was the Metro built in Minsk?