12.30 A short story of ice-cream.
Complete the magazine article. Write the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
It ...... is known ...... (know) that sweet dishes ...... were cooled ...... (cool) with snow and ice in ancient times. These ............ (enjoy) by the rich and powerful such as Alexander the Great, the Egyptian Pharaohs, and the Emperor Nero.
Sorbets, or water ices, ............ (know) since the 16th century, when they ............ (introduce) in Florence. However, real ice-cream, made with fresh cream or milk, ............ (produce) for the first time in the 1630s by Gerald Tissain, the French chef of the British King, Charles I. During the 18th century, ice-cream ............ (eat) regularly at fashionable ice-cream cafes in London, Paris, and other great cities. It was still a great luxury, though. It ............ (know), for example, that George Washington spent $200 on ice-cream in just two months in 1790.
The cost ............ (reduce) when the first ice-cream factory ............ (open) in 1851 by another American, George Fussell. Since the 19th century, though, it has been the Italians who ............ (see) as the great ice-cream makers. In the mid-19th century, for example, ice-cream ............ (sell) in the streets of London by as many as 30,000 Italians. The Italian methods ............ (learn) by many others since those days, and so today excellent ice-cream ............ (make) and ............ (enjoy) all over the world.
12.31 Past Simple active and passive
Biographies. Read the biographies of three brave people. Fill the gaps with the correct verb.
A) HELEN KELLER
a successful writer, who was deaf and blind (American, 1880-1968)
taught / came / toured / were told / was made / didn’t know /
were caused / had / was offered / found
Helen Keller’s deafness and blindness ............ by a severe illness when
she was a baby. Her parents ............ what to do, and they ............ it difficult to control their growing daughter. One day they ............ about a brilliant young teacher called Anne Sullivan. She ............ to work with Helen and, very firmly and patiently, ............ her that every object ............ a name. Eventually Helen ............ a place at university. After this she ............ the world helping people like herself. In 1962 the story of her life ............ into a film, The Miracle Worker.
B) CHARLES BLONDIN
the world’s most famous tightrope walker (French, 1824-1897)
was taught / was born / were carried / wasn’t killed / walked / watched / became / was put / fell / died
Charles Blondin ............ into a circus family. He ............ to walk on a tightrope when he was 5. In 1859 he ............ very famous when a high wire ............ above the Niagara Falls between America and Canada and he ............ across it. Thousands of people ............ him do it. Afterwards many of them ............ across the water on his back. Blondin sometimes ............ from the high wire but he ............; he ............ peacefully in bed in his sleep!
C) AMY JOHNSON
the first woman pilot to fly to Australia (English, 1903-1941)
disappeared / didn’t succeed / were married / was introduced / joined / returned / was taught / was written / held / tried
Amy Johnson ............ the London Aeroplane Club when she was still a schoolgirl. There, she ............ how to service planes and she .......... to a pilot called Jim Mollison, who ............ the record for a flight to Australia. In 1930, Amy ............ to beat his record. She ............ , but she was still first woman to fly to Australia. When she ............ , she and Jim Mollison ............ . Amy was very popular and a song ............ about her: Amy, wonderful Amy! Her death is a mystery. During the war, in 1941, she and her aeroplane ............ into the sea.
UNIT13 SOME / ANY / NO
13.1 Put in a / an or some.
... an ... egg ...... apple ...... peach ...... bread
…….… butter ...... tomato …... bananas ...... chocolate
.……… cheese ...... meat …... sweets ...... water
.…….... biscuit ...... orange …... …….crisps ...... apple juice
13.2 Put in some or any.
1 There is …... apple juice in the fridge. 2 There isn’t …... coffee in my cup. 3 Are there ….. cans in the kitchen? 4 There aren’t ….. flats in our street. 5 I’ve got …... nice friends. 6 Has your father got …... brothers?
7 Alice hasn’t got …... children. 8 I know ….. nice people in Wolverhampton. 9 Have you got ....... English friends? 10 I’m going to buy ....... eggs. 11 I can play. I’ve got ....... money. 12 There aren’t ...... shops in this part of the town. 13 George and Alice haven’t got ....... English lessons on Fridays. 14 There are ....... beautiful flowers in the garden. 15 Are there ….... letters for me this morning? 16 I haven’t got ....... stamps but Ann’s got ….... . 17 Do you know ....... good hotels in London? 18 Don’t buy ....... rice. We don’t need ....... . 19 We haven’t got ....... bread, so I’m going out to buy ….... .
20 When we were on holiday, we visited ....... very interesting places. 21 I went out to buy ....... milk but they didn’t have ....... in the shop.
13.3 Put in no or any.
1 There aren’t ...... any ...... good hotels here.
2 There are ...... no ...... buses today.
3 I didn’t write ............ letters last night.
4 There are ............ shops in this part of the town.
5 She can’t speak ............ foreign languages.
6 Don’t buy ............ food. We don’t need ............ .
7 My brother is married but he has got ............ children.
8 I am afraid there is ............ coffee. Would you like some tea?
9 “Look at those birds!” “Birds? Where? I can’t see ............ birds.”
10 The man asked me for some money but I didn’t give him ............ .
13.4 Write these sentences again with no.
1 He hasn’t got any money. ......He has no money. ........
2 There aren’t any pictures on the walls. .........................
3 Carol hasn’t got any free time. ......................................
4 There isn’t a restaurant in this hotel. .............................
13.5 Complete the sentences. Use some or any + one of these words:
air / batteries / chairs / cheese / friends / languages / milk / money / photographs / problems / shampoo / stamps
1 I can’t buy you a drink. I haven’t got ...... any money. ........
2 I want to wash my hair. Is there .......................................?
3 I’m going to the post office to get ...................................... .
4 Can you speak ............ foreign ........................................ ?
5 I haven’t got my camera, so I can’t take ........................... .
6 Sorry we are late. We had .....……………...... with the car.
7 Everybody was standing because there weren’t ............ in the hall.
8 It’s hot in this office. I am going out for ...…........ fresh .......……... .
9 Why isn’t the radio working? Are there ....…………………...... in it?
10 Can I have ...……………………………........ in my coffee, please?
11 Yesterday evening I went to a restaurant with ..……......... of mine.
12 ”Would you like ............?” “No, thank you. I’ve had enough to eat.
13.6 Complete the sentences. Use any or no + one of these words:
cigarettes / difference / film / friends / furniture / money / photographs / questions / work / swimming-pool
1 I am not going to do ....... any work ...... this evening.
2 I didn’t smoke ............ yesterday.
3 They want to go on holiday but they have got ............ .
4 It’s a nice hotel but there is ............ .
5 I am not going to answer ............ .
6 He is always alone. He has got ............ .
7 There is ............ between these two machines. They are the same.
8 I can’t take ............ . There is ............ in the camera.
9 There wasn’t ............ in the room. It was completely empty.
13.7 Read the dialogue “Nick and his friends are going hiking.” Put in some or any.
BEN: We’ll need ...... maps and ...... food. I am just making a list. We’ll take ...... bread, ...... cheese and ...... bananas.
TOM: Have you got ...... drinks on your list?
BEN: Not yet. We could buy four cartons of orange juice.
NICK: But cartons are heavy. With a bit of luck we might find a mountain stream.
TOM: There may not be .... streams. We’ll have to take .... water with us.
BEN: Shall we take ...... money, too?
JANE: There won’t be ...... shops, but we’ll need ...... money for the bus.
BEN: I’ll finish my list now.
JANE: Would you like ...... help?
BEN: No, thanks. I’ll add four large packets of crisps, eight large bars of chocolate...
TOM: But Ben, we are going only for one day.
Read the dialogue “Preparations”. Choose the right word in brackets.
BEN: We need ......(some / an) ...... information about bus times. If we miss the last bus home we’ll have to sleep in a field.
JANE: We ought to take ...... (some / a) ...... warm clothing, just in case. It would be...... (– / a) ...... fun to sleep in a field. We could collect ...... (a / some) ...... wood and make a camp fire.
NICK: Yes, and we could tell each other ghost stories. Let’s take ....…........ (some / an ) ...... extra food. We had better not take too much. Walking uphill is ...... (– / a ) ...... hard work. We can’t carry ...... (any / an ) ...... unnecessary luggage.
JANE: I agree. I am going to take out my carton ...... (of / –) ...... orange juice. It’s too heavy.
NICK: I hope we’ll have ......(a / some) ...... good weather. Did anyone
listen to the weather forecast?
BEN: Yes, I did. There will be ...... (some / a) ...... fog on the hills at first, but there will be ......(a / some) ...... sunshine later.
TOM: Will there be ......(a / any) ... rain?
BEN: No rain, just ......(a / –) ...... hurricane on the hills in the evening...
13.9 Put in a / an, some, the or – (= no article).
There is …… orange in my bag.
…… potatoes are very expensive now.
Is Joanna in …… bed?
I think John's on his way to …… school.
There is …… milk over here.
Does she go to work by …… car?
Do you like …… apple juice?
Have you got …… pen?
I live in …… small flat in …… Park Street.
"Where is Jack?" "In …… living room."
I have …… lunch from 12.30 to 1.15.
John isn't here; I think he's at …… lunch.
Excuse me. Is there …… post office near here, please?
Excuse me. Where is …… nearest post office, please?
First on …… right, then second on …… left.
About …… hundred meters.
I've got …… interesting books about classical music.
Are you interested in …… politics?
Barry's wife is …… engineer.
I don’t want …… milk in my coffee.
Are there …… good programmes on television tonight?
13.10 Write these sentences again with nobody / no one / nothing.
There isn't anything in the bag. ……..There is nothing in the bag. …….
There isn't anybody in the office. …………………………………….....….
I haven't got anything to do. ………………………………………….......…
There isn't anything on TV tonight. ……………………….………….....….
Jack hasn't got anyone to help him. …………………….…………..……..
We didn't find anything. ………………………………….…………….....…
13.11 Write these sentences again with anybody / anyone / anything.
1 There is nothing in the bag. …… There isn't anything in the bag. …....
2 I've got nothing to read. ………………………………………...………….
3 There is nobody in the bathroom. …………………………………….…...
4 We've got nothing to eat. ………………………………………..………….
5 There was no one on the bus. ……………………………………..………
13.12 Complete the sentences with nobody / no one / nothing / anybody / anyone / anything.
I went out of the house. …….Nobody saw me. ……
Jack has a bad memory. He can't remember ……. .
Be quiet! Don't say ………………….. .
I didn't know about the meeting. …………… told me.
"What did you say?" "I didn't say …………… ."
George has gone away. ………….. knows where he is. He didn't tell ……… where he was going.
"What are you doing this evening?" " …….. .Why?"
I don't know …………. about car engines.
"How much does it cost to visit the museum?" " ……….. . It's free."
She was sitting alone. She wasn't with ………. .
I heard a knock on the door but when I opened it there was… outside.
13.13 Put in somebody / nothing / anywhere etc.
It's dark. I can't see …… anything…….. .
Tom lives …… somewhere …… near Wolverhampton.
Do you know ………….. about computers?
"Listen!" "What? I can't hear ………….. .
"What are you doing here?" "I'm waiting for …………… .
"What's wrong?" "I've got ……….. in my eye."
"Did ………… see you?" "No, ………… ".
They weren't hungry, so they didn't eat …………. .
"What is going to happen?" "I don't know. …………. knows."
"Do you know ……….. in London?" "Yes, I've got a few friends there."
"What's in that cupboard?" " …………. . It's empty".
I'm looking for my lighter. I can't find it ……….. .
13.14 Complete these two poems with anyone / anything / everyone / everything / no one / nothing / someone / something
The Prize
It’s …….. …….. would like to win,
But …….. says he expects it.
He just hopes to get …….., however small.
And …….. fights to get ……..
There must be …….. left for …….. else.
We just want …….. small
To know that ……. admires us.
The Poor Man
…….. wants to care for him
And …….. wants to hurt him.
…….. tried to give him ……..
But he said it was …….. he wanted.
He said I’m poor, but I’m happy
And I don’t want ……..
If you gave me ……..,
I don’t think I would be happy.
1
something
anything nothing somewhere
anywhere nowhere
do
drink eat go play
read sit stay
something anything nothing + to + do drink eat
1 We don't go out very much because there's ….. nowhere to go. …
2 There isn't any food in the house. We haven't got ……………… .
3 I'm bored. I've got …………. .
4 "Why are you standing?" "Because there isn't …………. ."
5 "Would you like ………….. ?" "Yes, please – a glass of orange juice."
6 Children need …………… .
7 I want …………… I'm going to buy a magazine.
8 All the hotels were full. There was …………. .
13.16 Read the text "Missing". Translate the words in brackets.
Do you believe that there are people who can "see" what is happening …(где-то) …else? Gerard Croiset from Holland could and he used his unusual ability to help the police to find missing people, …(повсюду)… in the world.
Professor Sandelius lived with his 24-year-old daughter Carol in Topeka, in the USA. One day …(что-то)… strange happened. Carol disappeared. The police looked for her …(повсюду)… . First they showed photographs to …(всем) … in town, but …(никто) … knew …(ничего)… about her. Then they started a nationwide search, but they couldn't find her …(нигде)… . After eight weeks there was …(ничего)… else that the police could do.
Professor Sandelius was prepared to try …(что-либо)… to find his daughter. He had heard about Croiset and he contacted him. "Can you do …(что-нибудь)… to help?" he asked. "…(никто)… else can."
Croiset never refused to help people. He told Professor Sandelius that Carol was alive. "I see her …(где-то)… near water and small boats. Now I see her riding with …(кто-то)… in a lorry and now in a big red car. Don't worry. You will know …(что-то)… definite in six days."
Five days passed and Professor Sandelius still hadn't heard …(ничего)… . On the sixth day, early in the morning, he went downstairs to telephone Croiset. He was amazed to see that …(кто-то)… was sitting on the sofa. It was his daughter, safe and well!
The details which Croiset had given were accurate. He had "seen" Carol from 8,000 kilometres away. He had told the police where she was, and they had brought her home.
Gerard Croiset died in 1980. He never took money for his detective work.
13.17 "She was safe and well."
Write in the correct missing word. Choose from something, someone, anything, everything, everyone, nothing or no one, like this:
Sandelius thought that … something… terrible had happened to his daughter Carol.
1 He asked ……….. he knew if they had seen her.
2 The police did …………. possible to find Carol.
3 They started by showing ……….. photos of Carol.
4 ………..had seen Carol.
5 After eight weeks the police still couldn't tell him …………. new.
6 There was …………. else they could do.
7 He was sure that there must be ………….. that ………… could do.
8 He phoned Gerard Croiset and told him …………. .
9 Croiset had the ability to "see" ………… .
10 Carol was safe and well. ………….. terrible had happened to her.
UNIT 14 COMPARISONS
14.1 Write the comparative (older / more modern etc.).
1 old …older … 3 difficult ………… 5 cold …....…….…...
2 strong ……… 4 big …………... … 6 busy ……….…..…
7 happy ……… 12 far ……...………. 17 wonderful ….….....
8 careful ……... 13 serious ..……….. 18 many …….….….....
9 interesting ..…. 14 crowded ……..... 19 little ……..….……..
10 bad ………... 15 pretty …….……. 20 good …….……..…
11 peaceful …. 16 funny …………… 21 relaxing …………..
14.2 Write the opposite.
1 younger …older….. 4 cheaper ……… 7 nearer …………
2 colder ……………. 5 better …………. 8 easier ……….…
3 worse ……………. 6 more …………. 9 thinner …………
14.3 A) Match each adjective to its opposite.
Model: 1=d)
1 wonderful a) unfriendly
2 good b) dirty
3 tasty c) bad
4 friendly d) awful
5 clean e) tasteless
B) Now fill in the gaps with the adjectives from A).
1 Waiter! My knife is …….. . Can I have another?
2 I hate that restaurant. The waiters are so …….. .
3 This shop is like hot water. It’s completely …….. .
4 Mmm, I like this wine. 1992 was a …….. year for wine, they say.
5 A: Mmm! These vegetables are really …….. .
B: Yes. They taste …….. .
14.4 Write the comparative and superlative of:
Model: boring – more boring – most boring
pretty red thirsty warm
cold talkative large hot
young cheerful tall long
rude terrible fast happy
constant constructive green slow
nice preventive primitive big
14.5 Write the simple forms of these comparative and superlative adjectives.
Model: slowest – slow
funnier oldest cheaper thinner better angrier
nicest noisiest bigger smaller furthest
worse later less elder least
14.6 Translate into English.
Старше, лучше, прекраснее, быстрее, хуже, короче, глубже, теплее, больше, самый занятой, самый краткий, самый замечательный, самый большой, самый маленький, самый удобный, самый молодой, наилучший, добрейший, самый счастливый, самый трудный, наихудший, самый дальний.
14.7 Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.
Sue's car isn't very big. She wants a ………..… bigger …..….…… car.
This house isn't very modern. I prefer …… more modern …… houses.
You are not very tall. Your brother is …………………….........................
Bill doesn't work very hard. I work ………………………..........…............
My chair isn't very comfortable. Yours is …………………........…............
Jill's idea isn't very good. My idea is ………………………...............….....
These flowers aren't very nice. The blue ones are ………………….........
My case isn't very heavy. Your case is ………………………...........….....
I am not interested in art. I am ……..………..................…...… in history.
It isn't very warm today. It was ……………....................……. yesterday.
These tomatoes don't taste very good. The other ones tasted ……….…
Britain isn't very big. France is ……………………………............….........
Tyumen isn't very beautiful. London is ……………………............….......
This knife isn't very sharp. Have you got a ………............………… one?
People today aren't very polite. In the past they were …………....……
14.8 Write sentences about Liz and Ben. Use than.
Liz Ben
1 I am 26. 1 I am 24.
2 I'm not a very good swimmer. 2 I'm a very good swimmer.
3 I'm 1 metre 68 tall. 3 I'm 1 metre 66 tall.
4 I start work at 8 o'clock. 4 I start work at 8.30.
5 I don't work very hard. 5 I work very hard.
6 I haven't got much money. 6 I've got a lot of money.
7 I'm a very good driver. 7 I'm not a very good driver.
8 I'm not very friendly. 8 I'm very friendly.
9 I'm not a very good dancer. 9 I'm a good dancer.
10 I'm very intelligent. 10 I'm not very intelligent.
11 I speak French very well. 11 I don't speak French very well.
12 I don't go to the cinema very often. 12 I go to the cinema a lot.
1 Liz is older than Ben. 7 Liz is ………………...……
2 Ben is a better swimmer than Liz. 8 Ben is …………….…....…
3 Liz is ………………………..……. 9 Ben is …………………….
4 Liz starts …………………….Ben. 10 Liz is …………………......
5 Ben works …..……………..…Liz. 11 Liz speaks ………….……
6 Ben has got ………………………. 12 Ben goes ………..…….…
14.9 Complete the sentences. Use than.
1 He isn't very tall. You are taller than him (or: than he is).
2 She isn't very old. You are ………...……………………
3 I don't work very hard. You work ………........………………
4 He doesn't smoke very much. You smoke ………................……...
5 I'm not a very good cook. You are ……...........…..….…………
6 We don't know many people. You know ………..................………
7 They haven't got much money. You've got …............….........……...
8 I can't run very fast. You can ……….…….………………
9 He isn't very interesting. You are ……........……..……………
14.10 Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.).
1 This building is very old. It's …the oldest building ... in the town.
2 It was a very happy day. It was ……….……….….……of my life.
3 It's a very good film. It's ………….….….....…I've ever seen.
4 She is a very popular singer. She is ………….……..…in our country.
5 It was a very bad mistake. It was …………...…..…I've ever made.
6 It's a very pretty village. It's ……..…….....…..…..I've ever seen.
7 It was a very cold day. It was ………....….…..…....of the year.
8 He is a very interesting person. He is ………….....…..…. I've ever met.
14.11 Look at the advertisements and compare the two motorbikes. Write sentences with comparative adjectives.
Bikes
2005 Yamaha Virago XB 1100 Honda Scoopy 2002
Excellent condition Can do 120 km/h, no problem
Top speed 190 km/h £800
Only £7,500 for quick sale A real bargain!
Model: (new) The Yamaha is newer than the Honda.
old 3 expensive 5 small 7 slow
cheap 4 big 6 fast 8 nice
14.12 Complete the sentences with a bit or much + a comparative (older / better etc.).
1 Jill is 25. Jack is 24. – Jill is a bit older than Jack. ..…...….
2 Tom's mother is 54. His father is 68. – Jack's mother ……….....…....
3 My camera costs 100$. Yours costs 96$. – My camera ….................
4 Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel okay. – I feel ………….................
5 Today the temperature is 12 degrees. Yesterday it was 10 degrees. – It's ..........today ….....… yesterday.
6 Ann is a fantastic tennis player. I'm not very good. – Ann ………. ……
14.13 Write sentences with a superlative (the longest etc.)
Sydney Brazil large country planet the USA the solar system
Everest Jupiter long city state Africa South America
Alaska the Nile high river mountain the world Australia
Model: Sydney is the largest city in Australia.
Everest …………………… 4 Jupiter …………………….
Alaska ……………………. 5 The Nile …………………..
Brazil ……………………...
14.14 Write the sentences another way.
Model: France is larger than Spain. – Spain is smaller than France.
1 The trousers are more expensive than the jeans. …….……………….…
2 Madrid is warmer than Paris. …………………………………………….…
3 Rome is older than Milan. …………………………………..…………….…
4 Ken is thinner than me. ……………...……………………...…………….…
5 The country is quieter than the town. ………………………………….…...
6 The population of Norway is lower than the population of Sweden…..…
7 Tom looks sadder than Jerry. ………………………………………….……
8 Flying is safer than driving. …………………………………………….……
9 Your brother looks older than you. ……………………………………….…
10 The coach is slower than the train. …………………………………….…...
11 The Rhine is shorter than the Danube. ………………………………….…
14.15 Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
Mercury is …the hottest….. (hot) planet.
Jupiter is …….. (large) planet.
Mars is …….. (near) planet to the earth.
Everest is …….. (high) mountain in the world.
K2 is …….. (dangerous) mountain to climb.
The world’s …….. (bad) earthquake was in China in 1976.
…….. (old) rocks on the earth are 4,300 million years old.
The Grand Canyon in the USA is …….. (long) river gorge in the world.
The “Mona Lisa” is …….. (famous) painting in the world.
In my opinion, …….. (unusual) food is Tibetan “tea soup”.
Oranges are the world’s …….. (popular) fruit.
…….. (destructive) war was the Second World War.
China is the country with …….. (many) cinema-goers.
…….. (early) coins were made 2,500 years ago.
The wheel is one of …….. (important) human inventions.
14.16 Write sentences using not as … as. Then write a second sentence with the opposite of the comparative adjective.
Model: March / dry / July → March isn’t as dry as July. It’s wetter than July.
1 His car / expensive / mine
2 Britain / big / France
3 February / long / September
4 My computer / old / Tom’s
5 The trains in Britain / good / those in France
6 The Euphrates / long / the Nile
7 Earth / hot / Venus
8 The Queen of England / rich / the Sultan of Brunei
9 This exercise / easy / the last one
14.17 Read the puzzle about six brothers.
JENNY: Ken is older than Bill and Ted. Ted is older than Sam. George is younger than Bill but older than Sam. George is younger than Ted. Ken is younger than John.
NICK: Stop, not so fast. Is Ted as old as Ken? And who is the youngest?
JENNY: I don't know. That's what you have to work out.
NICK: Can't you find a puzzle that's easier and quicker to do? I'm busy.
JENNY: It's one of the easiest. The others are all more difficult.
NICK: I've got a bigger and better book than that. The puzzles are much more interesting. I'll fetch it. We can solve the one about the brothers later.
● Can you solve this puzzle? Here is an extra clue: Ted isn't as old as Bill. Write the names of the brothers. Check your solution with the class, then use it to complete the statements. Write a form of old or young and than or as…as.
John is …… the oldest …… . 4 Ken isn’t ............. George.
George is ……………… Ted. 5 Bill isn’t .................... Ken.
Ted isn't ……………….. Ken. 6 Sam is ............................ .
14.18 Look at the information about three vacuum cleaners.
System 100 Dustvac Aquaplus
Price £109.99 Price £29.99 Price £84.99
Weight (kg) 7.5 Weight (kg) 1.1 Weight (kg) 8.15
Cord length (m) 6.0 Cord length (m) 4.5 Cord length (m)6.0
Important features: Important features: Important features:
powerful motor but light, easy to carry for wet and dry cleaning