10. Short-shortly
‘Short’ occurs mainly in fixed phrases: a) ‘to stop short’ (in the meaning of ‘suddenly, abruptly’), b) ‘to cut short somebody, smth’ (in the meaning of ‘to stop suddenly before the end’), c) ‘to fall \ go \ run short of smth’ (in the meaning of ‘not to have enough left’) and some others, e.g. a) The driver stopped short when the child ran into the street. (Longman); b) The accident forced them to cut their holiday short. (Ib.); c) ‘We’ve run short of oil’ (Ib.).
‘Shortly’ has the meanings: a) soon, in a little time, e.g. They found him shortly afterwards. (Christie); b) in a curt way, e.g. He answered shortly that he didn’t care what I thought. (Boyd); c) at a short distance, e.g. Make a right turn shortly beyond the village. (Longman).
Wide-widely
‘Wide’ is used in the direct meaning, especially about the state of sleepliness, e.g. Vera Claythorn lay in bed, wide awake. (Christie). Her eyes opened wide. (Ib.). ‘Widely’ is used in figurative meanings: widely known (Longman). He is widely read. (Ib.).
Exercises
Ex. 1. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adverbs:
Easily, hard, fast, early, often, badly, little, shyly, far, happily, well, much, late, loudly, quickly.
Ex. 2. Choose the correct form in brackets:
1. The roots of all the Lindseys had driven (deep\deeply) into this earth. 2. Amalie knew that she had struck (deep\deeply) at Jerome with accusation of cruelty. 3. Hector Adonis chose a fine Sunday (short\shortly) after Piscotta’s death to visit the Monterlepre Cemetery. 4. The accident forced them to cut their holiday (short\shortly). 5. He explained his meaning (short\shortly) but clearly. 6. Henry studied the newcomer (close-closely). 7. He sat down on a great rock (close\closely) by. 8. The plane flew (high\highly) above. 9. He’s risen (high\highly) in the world. 10. He speaks very (high\highly) of the boy’s behaviour. 11. He is a (high\highly) skilled turner. 12. I should (dear\dearly) love to go back to Scotland. 13. It will cost you too (dear\dearly). 14. ‘Aren’t you (pretty\prettily) early?’ 15. Their mother likes them to be (pretty\pretily) dressed. 16. I live away back, and have to work (pretty\prettily) (hard\hardly). 17. Coming (near\nearly) I found the door ajar. 18. The room risen from behind the copse,- (near\nearly) full. 19. It was said (flat\flatly). The tone final. 20. Robert Jordan handed his glasses to Anselmo who lay (flat\flatly) beside him.
LITERATURE
Ganshina M.A., Vasilevskaya N.M. English Grammar. M., 1964.
Quirk R. et al. A University Grammar of English. M., 1982.
Кобрина Н.А. и др. Грамматика английского языка. Морфология. Москва, 1985.