Heart Disease: Causes:

A risk factor for a disease , A major cause of a disease

To contribute to (the development of) the disease

To put oneself at risk

To store up trouble

To eat fatty food (diets)

To be overweight

Weight fluctuation

Drinking and smoking

Prevention or cure

Prevention is better than cure

To examine one’s eating habits and drinking habits

To cut down on smth

To cut out fatty foods

To eat more fibre

To go on a diet, to be on a diet

Vitamin-rich diet, Ant: A diet deficient in (of) vitamins / to lack vitamins, Vitamin deficiency

To choose smth over smth

To lower blood pressure

To take more exercise (Compare: To do more exercises)

Moderate exercise

To reduce strain on heart

To have a positive effect / To be beneficial / To benefit

The harm may outweigh the benefit

Smoking/ Drinking / Drugs

Why do they start?

To be introduced to smoking / drinking / drugs by smb

Under friends’ pressure, To pressure smb into doing smth

To share alcohol in a family setting

To look grown-up

To copy parents

To join the crowd

Not to lose face

It becomes a sign of strength

To feel more relaxed and sociable

To escape from a life that may seem too hard to bear

To escape the feeling of worthlessness

Smoking

A non-smoker,

A habitual smoker, a chain smoker, to chain smoke

Passive smoking

To inhale smoke Ant: to exhale

To get through 20 cigarettes a day

A craving for a cigarette

The harmful effects of smoking

The smell of smoke puts people off

To burn a great deal of money

To develop a bad dry persistent cough

Mouth sores, Damage to teeth

To increase blood pressure and pulse rate

To be constantly short of breath

Skin wrinkles faster and deeper

To run a risk of damage to the unborn babies

To bring on / cause lung cancer, heart disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Prevention

To put a cigarette out, to extinguish a cigarette

To put an end to smoking

To give up / quit / stop / cut out smoking

To stay smoke-free

That’s easier said than done.

Drinking

A teetotaler, to stay sober, to be tipsy, to get drunk, to turn into an alcoholic

To be legally under age

Symptoms and Consequences

To be intoxicated / to be drunk To weaken the senses To cloud the judgement Clumsy actions Slurred speech

To suffer from double vision and loss of balance To feel more relaxed and light-hearted To fall unconscious To suffer from hangover To cause heart disease and brain damage

Drug-abuse

Symptoms and Consequences

Hard drugs, soft drugs, legal drugs

To take drugs / use drugs / be on drugs

To affect smth, To be badly affected

To develop side-effects

To cause unbalanced emotions

To bring on confusion and frightening hallucinations

To experience drowsiness, moodiness, loss of appetite, a high level of deceit

Drug-taking leads to crime

Withdrawal effects wear off slowly

To do lasting damage to the bodies

Mental disorders

To cause heartbeat irregularities

To cause sudden death

To die from continued drug abuse