- •Appendix 1 Phrasebook
- •In a formal situation
- •In an informal situation
- •Appendix 2
- •What is a presentation?
- •Preparation for the presentation
- •Delivery of the presentation
- •Hints for Success
- •Appendix 3
- •What is an essay?
- •How to organize an essay?
- •Hints for Success
- •Appendix 4 The Group Charter Samples
- •The Group Charter
- •Vocabulary Map
- •Appendix 6 An extract from The New American Roget’s College Thesaurus in Dictionary Form
- •Appendix 7 Cognitive Map
- •University as an institution
- •Activity
- •Appendix 8 Semantic Map
- •Verbal technique
APPENDICES |
Appendix 1 Phrasebook
A. Basic phrases
Yes no sorry
Please thank you/ thanks
Excuse me, … (to attract someone’s attention)
Culture note
In UK and US English, people usually say please and thank you very often. If you don’t use it as often as they do, you may be considered rude.
B. Greeting and meeting people
Saying hello
Culture note
You say Good morning until 12 noon, Good afternoon until about 6 p.m. and Good evening until midnight. You only use Good night to say goodbye at night.
Informal |
Formal |
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Hello Hi |
Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening.
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A: How are you? Nice to see you. |
B: Fine, thanks. |
Culture note
How are you? is a general greeting. You don’t have to give details!
A typical American answer is ‘Fine! Great! Thank you’, a British answer might be ‘Not so bad’ with a typical British understatement.
Saying goodbye
Culture note
In reply to these wishes you answer Thanks, you too or Thanks, I will.
Goodbye! Bye. So long! See you (soon/ later)! See you tomorrow. |
Have a nice day. Have a good weekend. Have a good trip.
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Culture note
In reply to the formulas of parting the same formulas are used or no reply is made at all.
C. Making introductions
In a formal situation
Stimulus |
Response |
May I introduce Prof. Brown, Dean of our Department?
Let me introduce Head of the Department of the English Language.
Allow me to introduce you the teachers of the Department.
I would like you to meet ... I would like to introduce you to ... |
How do you do?(is said by both people)
It is a pleasure to meet you.
It is a privilege to meet you.
I’m honored to meet you.
Thank you very much for the cordial welcome and kind words of greeting. (may be said when introduced to the audience) |
In an informal situation
Stimulus |
Response |
I’d like you to meet Alex. Alex, this is Cathy. Have you met Victor? Come and meet Mary. |
Hi, how are you? Pleased to meet you. Nice to meet you. Glad to meet you. |
Welcoming people
Come in. Welcome to join us.
D
Culture note
You can use these forms of address to introduce someone or to refer to them:
This is Mr. Brown.
Helen is talking to Dr.Green.
You don’t often use them when you are talking to someone.
Hello, (Mr.Brown).
People such as waiters and policemen might say sir or madam, but you don’t reply with sir or madam.
. Forms of address
You write |
You say |
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Mr. Mrs. Miss Ms. Dr. Prof. |
Mister Missis Miss Mizz Doctor Professor |
E. Common expressions
Thanking Responding to thanks
Thanks. You’re welcome. (US)
Thank you. Don’t mention it. (UK)
I appreciate it. My pleasure.
Culture note
In UK English, people often don’t say anything in reply to thank you.
Showing your agreement
OK. I agree with you. Exactly so.
Sure. I agree to your plan. I’m of the same opinion.
Great! That’s right.
Showing you are listening
I see. Really? How interesting! Uh-huh.
Congratulating
Happy Birthday! Many happy returns of the day! Happy/ Merry Christmas!
Congratulations! Happy New Year!
Apologising Replying to apologies
Sorry. Excuse me. That’s OK.
I’m so sorry. I’m very sorry. Don’t worry about it.
I have to apologize. I beg your pardon.
F. Small talk
Culture note
When two people have been introduced, one of them usually starts a conversation. One way to do this is to ask a question such as:
Is this your first visit to ...?
Have you been here /to ... before?
Have you visited / seen ...?
How do you like /find ...?
(How) are you enjoying ...?
Are you interested in ...?
Culture note
A less direct and more tactful way of asking something is to make a remark with a question tag. Other remarks may also invite the response.
This is your first visit to Minsk, isn’t it? You’re interested in journalism, aren’t you? You’ve made the right choice, haven’t you? |
I hear / believe you’re from ...? I’ve been told that you’re majoring in ...? I suppose you have already seen ...? |
G. Learning a foreign language
Language problems
I’m sorry, I don’t understand. Could you repeat that, please? Could you speak more slowly? What does forecast mean? Pardon? What’s that? |
What’s the English for знакомиться? How do you say учебник in English? How do you spell majority? How do you pronounce this word? |
Parts of speech
noun (существительное) verb (глагол) adjective (прилагательное)
adverb (наречие) pronoun (местоимение) numeral (числительное) preposition (предлог) auxiliary verb (вспомогательный глагол) infinitive (инфинитив) participle (причастие)
H. Teacher-student interaction
Do you need my help? Who needs help?
Does anybody need any help? Let me know if you run into a problem.
What’s the matter? Are you ready now?
Have you all finished? Who has done all?
Have you done the exercise?
Have you made a list of questions?
Have you corrected the mistakes?
First, let us read the text
To begin with, we shall do some exercises.
Let’s move on to the text.
Before we start reading the text, I want you to do some exercises.
Let’s stop for a while.
Will you write down the task?
Questions
• Did you do your homework? – Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. • Do you understand? – Yes, I do. / No, I don't. • Do you have your book? – Yes, I do. / No, I don't. • What page are you on? – We're on page 12. • Are you ready? – Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. • Have you finished? • What did you say? – I said, “_____________”. • Do you have a question? – Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
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• What is the answer to question number 2? • Is this the right answer? – Yes, it's the right answer. / No, it's the wrong answer. • What do you think of it? • What is this about? • Can you guess? • What happened? • Can I help him/her? • Could you repeat that, please? • Is this correct? • Is it okay? • What does this mean? • May I get a drink of water? • May I leave now? • May I go out for a moment?
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Student Responses • Sorry, I'm late. • Sorry, I couldn't do my homework. • I forgot. • I don't remember. • I don't understand. • Please explain.
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Requests • Please say it again. • Please give us an example. • Please speak more slowly/louder. • Please speak in English. • Please share the book. • Please change seats. • Please turn on/turn off the light.
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Directions
• Repeat after me. • Answer the question. • Work together. • Work alone. • Do it now. • Check it now. • Everybody, read together after the speaker. • Each student reads 2 sentences. • Copy this. |
• Take notes. • Make a sentence. • Write a sentence and draw a scheme. • Read the question and answer it in English. • Choose an answer and fill in the blanks. • Circle the correct answer. • Underline this word/sentence.
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