- •§1. Оборот there is (there are)
- •1. Read and translate the following sentences and make them negative or interrogative:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •4. Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •§ 2. Видо-временные формы глагола
- •1. Indefinite Forms
- •1. Make affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in the Present Indefinite Tense from these notes:
- •2. Open the brackets using the appropriate (Present or Past Indefinite) verb form:
- •4. Read the statements. Ask two questions based on the statement according to the pattern:
- •5. Put questions about the italicised words of the following sentences:
- •6. Turn the following into the Past or Future Indefinite tense. Make all the necessary changes:
- •7. Fill in the blanks with one of the Indefinite tenses:
- •10. Translate into English using Indefinite tenses:
- •2. Perfect Forms
- •1. Make these sentences negative and interrogative:
- •2. Put questions about the italicized words:
- •4. Make up sentences from the following notes using Present Perfect.
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite tense.
- •6. Open the brackets. Explain the use of the tense forms:
- •7. Translate into English using Present Perfect where required.
- •8. Translate into English using the required tense forms.
- •9. Complete the letter, opening the brackets:
- •3. Continuous Forms
- •1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative:
- •2. Put questions about the words in italics:
- •4. Use the contracted forms of verbs instead of full forms according to the pattern:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present, Past or Future Continuous tense:
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous tense. Explain the use of the tense forms:
- •8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous tense. Explain the use of tense forms:
- •9. Translate into English using Continuous forms where required:
- •4. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •1. Change the statements to the Passive Voice according to the pattern:
- •2. Change the questions to the Passive Voice according to the pattern:
- •3. Put the following into the Passive Voice, mentioning the agent where necessary:
- •4. Put the following into the Active Voice, supplying the agent if one was not mentioned:
- •5. Translate into English using the passive forms:
- •1. Use the correct tense form of the verbs in brackets:
- •2. Open the brackets using the verb in the active or in the passive voice:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •§ 3. Неличные формы глагола
- •1. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •1. Translate into Russian. Find the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •2. Fill each blank, choosing between infinitives with or without to:
- •3. Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction:
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •1. Make up sentences from the table below. Follow the example.
- •2. Use the gerunds instead of the verbs in brackets and fill in the prepositions where necessary:
- •3. Insert the correct form of the Gerund:
- •4. Translate into English using the Gerund:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive). Translate into Russian:
- •6. Open the brackets choosing between a Gerund or an Infinitive:
- •7. Translate into English using gerunds or infinitives:
- •3. Причастие (The Participle)
- •1. Complete the sentences using Participle I or Participle II:
- •2. Translate into Russian. Find sentences with the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction:
- •§ 4. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •§ 4. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative. Give short answers:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •§ 5. Прямая и косвенная речь (Direct and Indirect Speech)
- •1. Повествовательное предложение
- •2. Вопросительное предложение
- •3. Повелительное предложение
- •§ 6. Согласование времен (The Sequence of Tenses)
- •1. Change the direct statements into indirect ones according to the patterns:
- •2. Make up sentences according to the pattern:
- •5. Put the following into indirect speech according to the pattern:
- •6. Put the following into direct speech with the appropriate changes. Mind the puctuation:
- •§ 7. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •1. Употребление сослагательного наклонения в сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточным нереального условия (Conditional Sentences)
- •2. Употребление сослагательного наклонения в других типах придаточных предложений
- •1. Open the brackets:
- •2. Complete the sentences, using the correct forms of the verb:
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences according to the pattern:
- •6. Translate into English:
7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous tense. Explain the use of the tense forms:
1. She always (buy) lottery tickets but she never (win) anything.
2. You (like) this ring? I (present) it to my daughter for her birthday on Friday.
3. You (believe) all that newspapers say? - No, I (not believe) any of them. - Then why you (read) this one?
4. What Emma (think) of the Budget? - She (think) it is most unrealistic. - I agree with her.
5. They (save up) because they (go) to England this summer.
6. That film (come) to the local cinema at the end of the week. You (want) to see it?
7. As a rule my father (not do) any work in the garden; he always (work) on his car.
8. Can’t she see the notice? - She can see it but she can’t read it because she (not wear) her glasses.
8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous tense. Explain the use of tense forms:
1. He (be) very polite. Whenever a woman entered the room he (stand up).
2. When we (arrive) at the meeting the first speaker had just finished speaking and the audience (applaud).
3. The children (make) so much noise that I couldn’t hear what their mother (say).
4. I didn’t want to meet him, so when he entered the room I (leave) it.
5. This (annoy) the dog, who immediately (begin) to chase Mr Holms.
6. While Nick and I (walk) along the street yesterday evening, one of us (mention) Mr and Mrs Smith.
7. I (share) a room with him when we were students. He always (complain) about his headache.
8. Where he (live) when you (see) him last?
9. Translate into English using Continuous forms where required:
1. Когда я прибыл на станцию, я увидел Мэри, которая ждала меня. Она была одета в голубое платье и выглядела чудесно. Как только она заметила меня, она замахала мне и что-то крикнула, но я не слышал (couldn’t hear), что она говорила мне, так как все вокруг очень сильно шумели.
2. Она всегда занимает деньги у меня и всегда забывает отдавать их.
3. Ты не возражаешь, если я задам тебе вопрос? - Это зависит от вопроса. - Он касается твоего брата. - Я не хочу отвечать на вопросы, касающиеся моего брата.
4. Что ты делаешь в следующие выходные? - Как обычно, буду работать. Я всегда работаю по выходным.
5. Я просматриваю свой старый альбом с фотографиями. Он полон фотографий людей, чьи имена я совершенно забыла. Интересно, что стало со всеми ними!
6. Они строили этот мост, когда я был здесь в прошлом году. Они все еще строят его.
4. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
Действительный залог (Active Voice) показывает, что предмет или лицо, являющееся подлежащим, производит действие:
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
Колумб открыл Америку в 1492 году.
Страдательный залог (Passive Voice) показывает, что предмет или лицо, являющееся подлежащим, подвергается воздействию со стороны кого-либо:
America was dicovered by Columbus in 1492.
Америка была открыта Колумбом в 1492 году.
Действующее лицо или предмет в предложениях с Passive Voice часто не указывается. Если необходимо его указать, обычно используется предлог by:
Somebody has stolen my car.
Кто-то украл мою машину.
My car has been stolen by somebody.
Моя машина украдена кем-то.
Формы страдательного залога
Страдательный залог образуется с помощью глагола to be в соответствующем времени + причастие прошедшего времени смыслового глагола (Participle II).
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
Indefinite |
is/are written |
was/were written |
will be written |
Continuous |
is/are being written |
was/were being written |
- |
Perfect |
have/has been written |
had been written |
will have been written |
Exercises