Task 1. Read the text carefully looking up any new items in a dictionary and answer the following questions:

1. How do different people define e-government?

2. Can e-government replace the actual government? What is its aim?

3. What opportunities does e-government provide and what problems does it raise?

4. What four sectors of e-government are identified in the text?

5. What is the essence of G2G?

6. How does G2B affect government relations with contractors?

7. What does G2C strive to achieve?

Task 2. Explain the following in your own words:

1. the multidimensional nature of e-government

2. a "one-stop shopping" site

3. E-government is […] a means to an end

4. the G2G sector represents the backbone of e-government.

5. the up-front costs of a project

6. agency-centric, and at times, process-laden nature of some government functions

7. dissemination tools

Task 3. What words correspond to these definitions:

1. the process of buying supplies or equipment for a government department or company;

2. to improve something or make it more attractive or more valuable;

3. to offer to do work or provide a service for a particular sum of money;

4. the process or activity of doing something usually something related to business;

5. a government department or am organisation connected with a government that deals with a particular subject;

6. the process of governing a country or organisation.

Task 4. Define the following words. Consult a monolingual dictionary.

Citizen, contractor, to facilitate, interaction, access, competition

Task 5. Explain the difference between the following words. Consult a monolingual dictionary and give examples which demonstrate the difference between them.

government – governance

issue – question

efficiency – effectiveness

purpose – aim –target – end – objective – goal

To provide – to supply

different – various

benefit - profit

Task 6. Out of two italicized words choose the one which will fit in the context.

1. On the one hand, proponents of e-government suggest these initiatives will supply/provide a variety of opportunities to improve governance/government. As discussed above, there are a number of forces driving the different/various e-government sectors. However, proponents of e-government suggest there are some overarching benefits/profits that will result, either directly or indirectly, from these initiatives. E-government is one means the national governance/government may use to try to achieve objectives/purposes related to these questions/issues.

2. Some observers suggest that, in addition to enhanced efficiency/effectiveness, the quality of services may be improved through quicker transactions, improved accountability, and better processes.

3) As with many information technology-related projects, one of the anticipated profits/benefits is improved effectiveness/efficiency. In e-government projects, it can take many forms. Some projects seek to reduce errors and improve consistency of outcomes by automating standardized tasks. Another aim/goal of many e-government initiatives is to reduce costs and layers of organizational processes by re-engineering and streamlining operating procedures. Similarly, some e-government advocates suggest that reducing the amount of time spent on repetitive tasks will give those government/governance employees an opportunity to develop new skills and advance their careers.

Task 7. Match the words from the left hand-side column to those in the right hand column to create collocations:

to obtain participation

to conduct transactions

to attach method

to improve efficiency

to overcome exchanges

to make information

to handle services

citizen barriers

procurement opportunity

to provide attention

Task 8. Continue the sequence of compounds and word-combinations with the key word printed in bold type. Consult a combinatory dictionary:

1. information technology, to process information …

2. government services, government institutions …

3. to suggest initiative…

4. to reduce costs, to cover costs…

5. access to information, computer access…

Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

government, to provide, to seize, covering, access, to cut, transaction, information, efficiency, gaining, effectiveness, to obtain, take, participation, government, to facilitate, bid, to provide, benefit, local,

1) If you want ______ this information you should turn to another agency. 2) We’re not allowed ___ any information about our clients. 3) The tax surplus is to be given to _____ governments to spend as they see fit. 4) At these prices we are not even _______ our costs. 5) New technology has helped us ______ costs. 6) Some groups still have difficulty _______ access to social services. 7) Access to up-to-date financial _____ is important to our success. 8) A power to take action against ______institutions that repeatedly violate the law may be desirable. 9) G2C initiatives are also driven by an interest in better government through improved ______ and more reliable outcomes. 10) these measures are aimed to increase citizen______ in government. 11) The _____ of the measures taken by top management was remarkable. 12) In my opinion we should _______ this opportunity, otherwise bankruptcy is inevitable. 13) The new military _____ does not have the popular support. 14) Three firms ______for the contract on the new buildings. 15) “SONY” was quick _______ the initiative and launched a new model of TV-sets. 16) ______ the process the government had to turn to commercial banks. 17)

____ to the papers is restricted to Defense Department personnel only. 18) Next week out Committee will consider a new project designed _______ young people under sixteen with work. 19) How much unemployment_____ do you get? 20) The bank charges a fixed rate for each _______.