4.3.3 Pronounce the following words

advice	merchant
among	multinational
arts	movement
Asia	movement
award	native
barracks	nobleman
besiege	peasant
birth	puppet
choir	science
church	severe
clerk	shawls
cosmonaut	supervision
courage	uprising
exhibition	vocational

Unit 5 SUPPLEMENTARY READINIG

TEXT 1

"The key and the gate"- that was the name given to the place by Peter the Great. He realized the importance of new roads which could connect Russia with the rest of the world.

Orenburg was built as a fortress but it was used as such only once during Pugachov's revolt. Orenburg served as a gate through which numerous trade caravans went on and on.

Without forces and conflicts Russian sovereigns could find the way to cooperate with the people who lived there.

The Menovoy Dvor (the trade centre) was founded by Peter the Great's niece Anna. It is still considered to be an unsurpassed example of the state, political and economical solution of the trade problem.

The trade zone helped to strengthen the frontier of the country; it was a source of income and a new way of importing gold, silver, food products, etc. to Russia. The new trading way made the goods much cheaper.

For many years Orenburg controlled by Governor-Generals was a town-fortress over the Ural River and an outpost of Russia in the Southeast. The Governor-Generals were states- and military men ready to defend the frontiers of Russia.

The town-fortress never opened its gates to the enemies though cavalry crowds of warlike Bashkirs passed by it, though the Kazakhs rebelled, though Pugachov tried to attack the town but he had to retreat.

New history gave new examples. Dutov army twice tried to attack the town in 1918 and in 1919 but they failed. The White Army was also defeated.

New masters came to the city. Since mid-thirties "The House of Soviets", a grey building that stands on the site of the Kazan Cathedral, has become the symbol of power.

The Hall of Columns of the House has seen many politicians and statesmen of the past and present - Kosygin, Gorbachev, Chernomyrdin.

The power has been working in this building since that time.

Today's legislative assembly reflects the social mood exactly enough: there are communists, agrarians, democrats, independent deputies and others. Hot discussions are held there. And these people are responsible for their decisions, for the region, for the people who live here. Not opposition but co-operation is the result of the interaction of the two branches of power.