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LECTURE 3 SYNTAX 11 апреля.doc
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Epiphora

Epiphora, as opposed to anaphora, is the repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses, sentences and stanzas.

e.g. She gave me an impression of extraordinary tightness. Her plain face with its narrow lips was tight, her skin was stretched tightly over her bones, her smile was tight, her hair was tight, her clothes were tight, and the white shawl she wore had all the effect of black bombazine.

Epiphora (эпифора) . . . a, . . . a, . . . a, -- the end of successive sentences (clauses) is repeated.

The main stylistic function is to add stress to the final words of the sentence. (V.A.K.)

I wake up and I'm alone and I walk round Warley and I'm alone; and I talk with people and I'm alone and I look at his face when I'm home and it's dead. (J.Braine)

Framing

Framing (рамка, кольцевой повтор) a . . . a -- the beginning of the sentence is repeated in the end, thus forming the "frame" for the non-repeated part of the sentence (utterance).

The stylistic function is to elucidate the notion mentioned in the beginning of the sentence, to concretise and to specify its semantics. (V.A.K.)

Obviously - this is a streptococcal infection. Obviously. (W.Deeping)

Then there was something between them. There was. There was. (T.Dreiser)

The initial elements are repeated at the end of an utterance or a paragraph.

e.g. You've made a nice mess, you have.

The day had fairly begun to break. Many of the lamps were already extinguished; a Jew country wagons were slowly toiling on, towards London; now and then, a stage coach covered with mud, rattled briskly by... The public houses were already open... The busy morning of the half of the London population had begun.

Anadiplosis/Catch repetition

Anadiplosis (анадиплозис, подхват, эпаналепсис, стык) . . . a, a . . . -- the end of one clause (sentence) is repeated in the beginning of the following one.

The stylistic function is to elucidate the notion, to concretise and to specify its semantics on a more modest level. (V.A.K.)

Now he understood. He understood many things. One can be a person first. A man first and then a black man or a white man. (P.Abrahams)

And a great desire for peace, peace of no matter what kind, swept through her. (A.Bennet)

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see

So long lives this and this gives life to thee. (W.Shakespeare - XVIII)

It is a repetition of the word or group of words that end one clause (or sentence) at the beginning of the next one.

e.g. She was ever so beautiful, more beautiful than "D ", or "Mademoiselle", or "Auntie" June or even "Auntie Folly”, to whom he had taken a fancy.

Chain Repetition

Chain repetition . . . a, a . . . b, b. . . several successive repetitions The effect is that of the smoothly developing logical reasoning. (V.A.K.) "To think better of it," returned the gallant Blandois, "would be to slight a lady, to slight a lady would be to be deficient in chivalry towards the sex, and chivalry towards the sex is a part of my character." (Ch.Dickens) Failure meant poverty, poverty meant squalor, squalor led, in the final stages, to the smells and stagnation of B. Inn Alley. (D. du Maurier)

It is the succession of several anadiploses.

e.g. Rapidly the feeling became a strong hunch, the hunch became a conviction, and the conviction became a compulsion. He absolutely had to get home.

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