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13.1. К каждой ситуации напишите по два предложения (Present Perfect Simple / Present Perfect Continuous) .

E.g. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53. (read / for two hours) ...(read / 53 pages so far) ...

Tom has been reading for two hours. Tom has read 53 pages so far.

1. Linda is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her tour three months ago. (travel / for three months) … (visit / six countries so far) … 2. Jimmy is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he is the national champion again - for the fourth time. (win / the national championship four times) … (play / tennis since he was ten) … . 3. When they left college, Mary and Sue started making films together. They still make films. (make / ten films since they left college) … (make / films since they left college)

13. 2. Для каждой ситуации задайте вопросы, используя слова в скобках (Present Perfect Simple / Present Perfect Continuous) .

E.g. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask: (how long/ learn / Arabic?).... How long have you been learning Arabic?

1. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask: (how long/wait?)

2. You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask: (how many fish / catch?)

3. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask: (how many people / invite?)

4. A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask: (how long/ teach?)

5. You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask: (how many books / write?) (how long / write / books?)

6. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday. You ask: (how long/ save?) (how much money / save?)

13.3. Поставьте глагол в правильное время (Present Perfect Simple / Present Perfect Continuous).

  1. Where have you been? … (you/play) tennis? 2. Look! Somebody … (break) that window. 3. You look tired. … (you/work) hard? 4. “… (you/ever/work) in a factory?” “No, never.” 5. “Jane is away on holiday.” “Oh, is she? Where … (she/go)?” 6. My brother is an actor. He … (appear) in several films.

7. “Sorry I'm late.” “That's all right. I … (not/wait) long.” 8. “Is it still raining?” “No, it … (stop).” 9. I … (lose) my address book. … (you/see) it anywhere? 10. I … (read) the book you lent me but I … (not/finish) it yet. 11. I … (read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.

Unit 14. Past Perfect Прошедшее завершенное

Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола had и основного глагола в форме прошедшего причастия. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательной форме частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола.

Утвердительная

форма

+

I (You/ We/They)

had visited/seen by 5 o’clock yesterday

He (She/It)

Вопросительная

формa

?

I (you/we/they)

Had she (he/it) visited/seen by 5 o’clock yesterday?

Отрицательная

форма

-

I (You/ We/They)

had not visited/seen by 5 o’clock yesterday

He (She/It)

Past Perfect (прошедшее завершенное) употребляется:

1. Для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент может быть указан обстоятельством времени: by 5 oclock к 5 часам, by that time к тому времени, by the end of the year к концу года и др., а также перед предлогом before и после предлога after: She had left by the 1st of June. After she had cried, she felt easier. He was nervous because he had never flown before.

2. Для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже завершилось до другого, более позднего прошедшего действия, выраженного глаголом в Past Simple: When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.

Примечание:

Глаголы движения и чувственного восприятия обычно не употребляются в Past Perfect: When he heard the song, he recognized it at once.

When he came home, he found his mother in an evening dress.

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