- •Text 1 What is law?
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read text 1 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •2. Read the text again. For each statement 1 to 8 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
- •3. Which of the nouns below are uncountable (u)? Write the plural forms of the countable (c) nouns.
- •4. Translate the phrases below into Russian. Take notice of the possessive case.
- •5. Complete the sentences with am/’m not, is/isn’t, or are/aren’t.
- •6. Transform each of the following sentences into a) negative sentence, b) yes/no-question, c) or-question, d) tag-question, e) wh-question and f) subject-question.
- •7. Complete the sentences with is/isn’t, or are/aren’t.
- •8. Transform the following sentences into a) negative sentences, b) yes/no-questions, c) or-questions, d) tag-questions and e) wh-questions.
- •Text 2 Types of Law
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Read text 2 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •11. Match the types of law (from 1 to 7) to the situations (from a to g).
- •12. Make the sentences negative. Use the words in brackets.
- •13. Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms.
- •14. Transform the following sentences into a) yes/no-questions, b) or-questions, c) tag-questions, d) wh-questions and e) subject-questions.
- •16. Translate the phrases into Russian. Take notice of the Participle I and Participle II.
- •17. Complete the sentences with Participle I or Participle II of the verbs.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •18. Match the legal terms with their definitions.
- •19. Match the verbs 1 to 10 to the nouns that they go with. Make up 5 sentences with any of the collocations.
- •20. Give synonyms. Make up 7 sentences with any of them.
- •21. Give antonyms. Make up 5 sentences with any of them.
- •23. Choose a, b, c or d to complete the sentences.
- •24. Look again at Texts 1 and 2 and answer the questions.
- •25. Translate into English.
- •26. Speak on one of the following topics. Use the words and phrases provided below each topic.
- •1 The need for law.
- •2 Law, legal principles and legal systems.
- •3 Types of law.
- •27. Discuss in groups.
16. Translate the phrases into Russian. Take notice of the Participle I and Participle II.
-
1
2
laws established by society
disputes settled in a court
10
a crime committed1 last week by a group of teenagers
3
a law passed by parliament
11
the officer investigating2 this murder
4
laws regulating social welfare
12
laws related3 to environment
5
6
rules used in schools
the law based on custom
13
people criticizing the government’s policy
7
8
decisions made by courts
a growing interest in politics
14
human rights protected by the constitution
9
legal systems developed in the 19th century
15
the court structure comprising three levels
17. Complete the sentences with Participle I or Participle II of the verbs.
1. Statute is a law (pass) by a legislature. 2. People often criticise decisions (make) by the government. 3. The law is the system of rules and principles (govern) the affairs of a community4. 4. A law is a rule of conduct5 or procedure (establish6) by custom, agreement, or authority7. 5. Torts, sometimes (call) delicts, are civil offences. 6. Case law comprises decisions (make) by judges8 in the past. 7. Local police investigate crimes (commit) within their district or by people (live) in their district. 8. Property law defines rights and obligations (relate) to buying, selling, or renting homes and buildings. 9. Courts often hear evidence9 (give) by an (investigate) police officer. 10. There is a (grow) need for a special law (regulate) the Internet transactions1.
Vocabulary Practice
Legal terms and useful non-legal vocabulary
|
agree (v) |
соглашаться; договариваться |
|
behaviour (n) Syn: conduct |
поведение |
|
case (n) |
судебное дело |
|
citizen (n) |
гражданин |
|
code (n) |
кодекс, свод законов; система правил |
|
codified (adj) |
кодифицированный |
|
comprise (v) Syn: include, consist of |
включать, заключать в себе, состоять из |
|
convention (n) Syn: custom |
обычай, традиция |
|
court (n) |
суд |
|
crime (n) Syn: offence commit a crime investigate a crime |
преступление; преступность правонарушение; преступление совершать преступление расследовать преступление |
|
decide (v) |
решать |
|
decision (n) |
решение |
|
determine (v) Syn: establish |
определять, устанавливать |
|
disorder (n) |
нарушение общественного порядка |
|
dispute (n) |
спор |
|
elect (v) |
избирать, выбирать |
|
enforce (v) |
обеспечивать соблюдение, исполнение (закона) |
|
govern (v) |
управлять, руководить; определять |
|
government (n) |
1. правительство; 2. государство, госуд. власть |
|
infringe (v) Syn: breach, break |
нарушать (права, закон) нарушать (закон, обязательство) |
|
injury (n) Syn: damage |
вред; ущерб; телесное повреждение ущерб; убыток; вред |
|
judge (n) |
судья |
|
law (n) Syn: statute make/pass a law break/offend a law observe/obey the law statute law case law administrative law civil law constitutional law contract law criminal law international law property law tort law |
закон; право закон, законодательный акт; статут создавать/принимать закон нарушать закон соблюдать закон статутное право, "писаный закон" прецедентное право административное право гражданское право конституционное право договорное право уголовное право международное право вещное (имущественное) право деликтное право |
|
legal system |
правовая система |
|
legislature (n) |
законодательный орган |
|
maintenance of the peace |
поддержание мира, (общественного) порядка |
|
murder (n) |
убийство (умышленное) |
|
obligation (n) |
обязательство, обязанность |
|
offender (n) |
правонарушитель; преступник |
|
party (n) injured party |
сторона (по делу, в споре и т.д.) потерпевшая сторона |
|
penalty (n) Syn: punishment |
наказание, взыскание |
|
power (n) Syn: authority |
власть, полномочия |
|
prevent (v) |
предотвращать, предупреждать |
|
prohibit (v) |
запрещать |
|
prosecute (v) |
преследовать в судебном порядке |
|
protection (n) |
защита, охрана |
|
provide (v) |
давать, предоставлять |
|
punish (v) |
наказывать |
|
responsible for (adj) |
несущий ответственность (за что-л.) |
|
rule (n) |
правило, норма |
|
rule of law |
принцип верховенства права |
|
settle (v) settle a dispute |
регулировать; улаживать урегулировать спор |
|
society (n) Syn: community |
общество |
|
sue (v) Syn: make a claim sue (ask) for damages |
подавать в суд, возбуждать иск, предъявлять иск подавать иск подать иск о взыскании убытков |
|
suit (n) Syn: claim bring a suit against smb. |
иск; судебное дело; судебный процесс;
предъявить иск кому-л. |
|
theft (n) |
кража |
|
tort (n) Syn: delict |
деликт, гражданское правонарушение |