- •Text 1 What is law?
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read text 1 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •2. Read the text again. For each statement 1 to 8 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
- •3. Which of the nouns below are uncountable (u)? Write the plural forms of the countable (c) nouns.
- •4. Translate the phrases below into Russian. Take notice of the possessive case.
- •5. Complete the sentences with am/’m not, is/isn’t, or are/aren’t.
- •6. Transform each of the following sentences into a) negative sentence, b) yes/no-question, c) or-question, d) tag-question, e) wh-question and f) subject-question.
- •7. Complete the sentences with is/isn’t, or are/aren’t.
- •8. Transform the following sentences into a) negative sentences, b) yes/no-questions, c) or-questions, d) tag-questions and e) wh-questions.
- •Text 2 Types of Law
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Read text 2 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •11. Match the types of law (from 1 to 7) to the situations (from a to g).
- •12. Make the sentences negative. Use the words in brackets.
- •13. Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms.
- •14. Transform the following sentences into a) yes/no-questions, b) or-questions, c) tag-questions, d) wh-questions and e) subject-questions.
- •16. Translate the phrases into Russian. Take notice of the Participle I and Participle II.
- •17. Complete the sentences with Participle I or Participle II of the verbs.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •18. Match the legal terms with their definitions.
- •19. Match the verbs 1 to 10 to the nouns that they go with. Make up 5 sentences with any of the collocations.
- •20. Give synonyms. Make up 7 sentences with any of them.
- •21. Give antonyms. Make up 5 sentences with any of them.
- •23. Choose a, b, c or d to complete the sentences.
- •24. Look again at Texts 1 and 2 and answer the questions.
- •25. Translate into English.
- •26. Speak on one of the following topics. Use the words and phrases provided below each topic.
- •1 The need for law.
- •2 Law, legal principles and legal systems.
- •3 Types of law.
- •27. Discuss in groups.
26. Speak on one of the following topics. Use the words and phrases provided below each topic.
1 The need for law.
Rules; govern behaviour/conduct; many organizations, like families, schools or business companies; have rules about; part of social interaction; come from/reflect; moral codes or religion; prohibit; basic functions (purposes); protection of people’s life and property; maintenance of the peace; prevent crime and disorder; allow to settle disputes between people peacefully; care for the wants of the citizens.
2 Law, legal principles and legal systems.
A law is a rule; govern behaviour; a system of rules established by; enforce the law; punish those who break laws; in primitive societies/legal systems; few formal rules; (be) not systematized; modern (complex) legal system; comprise/consist of; legal principles; provide the basis for systematization and future development; the Rule of Law; prevent dictatorship; protect the rights of the people; a legislature; pass laws; affect many spheres of social interaction; comprise different types of law.
3 Types of law.
In modern societies; affect many spheres of social interaction; legal system; comprise different types of law; set rules about/on how; state/regulate the rights and obligations (of); allow smb to do smth; provide ways (means) for smb. to do smth; regulate/govern affairs (relation, interaction) between;
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contract law: buy and sell goods and services;
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property law: buy, sell or rent homes and building;
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tort law: commit a tort/delict/civil offence; the injured party; make claims for compensation/sue for damages;
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criminal law: prosecute and punish criminal offenders;
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constitutional law: structure and functions of government; create laws; protect human rights and freedoms;
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administrative law: challenge decisions made by governments;
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international law: sovereign states; in areas such as.
27. Discuss in groups.
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Are laws for ordinary people or for lawyers?
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Do people (e.g. you and your friends) always observe the law?
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Give your arguments for the principle "The rule of law is better than the rule of any individual."
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Do you know any other essential legal principles?
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What laws/rules do you think your community (country/city/college) needs?
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Which types of law do you think are the most important for you/for the community as a whole? What other types/categories of law (not mentioned in Text 2) do you know?
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Do you agree with the following statements? Give your reasons.
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An ideal community can do without laws.
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We don’t need laws because no state can provide its citizens with perfect laws.
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Comment on the following quotations.
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“Equal rights for all, special privileges for none.”
(Thomas Jefferson)
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Law is order in liberty, and without order liberty is social chaos. (Archbishop of Ireland)
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“Petty laws breed great crimes.” (Ouida)
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“Law is valuable not because it is law, but because there is right in it” (Beecher)
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“The minute you read something that you can't understand, you can almost be sure that it was drawn up by a lawyer.”
(Will Rogers)
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“Good laws have their origins in bad morals.”
(Ambrosius Macrobius)
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“Where you find the laws most numerous, there you will find also the greatest injustice.” (Arcesilaus)
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“When men are pure, laws are useless; when men are corrupt, laws are broken.” (Benjamin Disraeli)
1 sue (v) – подавать в суд, возбуждать иск, предъявлять иск
2 supplier (n) – поставщик
3 fail (v) – не исполнить, не сделать
4 deliver (v) – поставлять, доставлять
5 on term – в срок
6 bring a suit against smb. — предъявить иск кому-л.
7 damage – ущерб; убыток; вред
8 steal (v) – красть
9 complain (v) – подавать жалобу
1 commit a crime – совершить преступление
2 investigate (v) – расследовать
3 relate to (v) – относиться, иметь отношение (к чему-л.)
4 community (n) – общество; сообщество; государство
5 conduct (n) – поведение
6 establish (v) – устанавливать
7 authority (n) – власть
8 judge (n) – судья
9 evidence (n) – показания, доказательства.
1 Internet transactions – деловые операции, осуществляемые через Интернет
1 accuse smb. of (doing) smth. – обвинять кого-л. в чем–л.