12. Formation of English as an analytical language. Transition from synthetical to analytical structure.

- Morphological changes in English [1, C. 6-113; 2, C. 98-211; 3, C. 92-124; 220-276; 313-328]

- Historical syntax of the English language [1, C. 114-131; 2, C. 216-309; 3, C. 124-129; 277-295]

Литература:

1. Ильиш Б.А. History of the English language, Ленинград: «Просвещение», 1973.

2. Иванова И., Чахоян Л., Беляева Т. История английского языка. Санкт-Петербург, 2001.

3. Расторгуева Т.А. История английского языка. М.: «Астрель АСТ», 2001.

13. Articulatory classification of English vowels and consonants.

1. Articulatory and physiological classification of English consonants.

4 principles:

• work of the vocal cords

• active organs of speech

• manner of noise production

• position of the soft palate

2. Articulatory and physiological classification of English vowels.

4 principles:

• position of the lips

• position of the tongue

• degree of tenseness and the character of the end length

• stability of articulation

1. Леонтьева С.Ф. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. - C. 19 – 47.

2. Sokolova Theoretical Phonetics. - P. 7 – 8, 50 – 55, 65 – 73.

3. Vassiliev Practical course of Phonetics. - P. 71 – 133.

14. English intonation: its components and related features.

1. Definition of Intonation.

2. Components: melody, sentence stress, rhythm and tempo, pausation and tamber, stylistic use of intonation.

1. Леонтьева С.Ф. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. - С. 198 – 204.

2. Sokolova Theoretical Phonetics. - P. 113 – 207.

15. Modification of phonemes in connected speech.

• Assimilation

• Accomodation

• Elision

1. Леонтьева С.Ф. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. - C. 145 – 156.

2. Sokolova Theoretical Phonetics. - P. 59 – 65, 83 – 93.

3. Vassiliev Practical course of Phonetics. - P. 70 – 75.

16.Functions of the language. The classification of styles.

Definition of the function of the language. Communicative, voluntative, cognitive, emotive, phatic, aesthetic, metalanguage, magic functions and spheres of the realization.

Definition of style. Classification of style according to period, to individual authors, to level (distinguished by Lomonosov). Different approaches to the classification of styles: I.V.Arnold’s 4 groups, Y.M. Skrebnev’s binary division, Y.S. Stepanov’s 2 types of speech, I. R. Galperin’s 5 styles.

Colloquial style and its substyles: Literary Colloquial, Familiar Colloquial, Low Colloquial, Slang, Non-literary layers (vulgarisms, dialects, jargons). Their most prominent features on phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactical levels.

The Belles-Lettres style and its substyles: the language of poetry, the language of emotive prose, the language of the drama. The distinctive features of the style on all levels of the language.

Publicistic style and its varieties: oratorical style, the style of essays, the style of newspaper and magazine articles.

Newspaper style: the language of brief news items, the language of advertisements and announcements, the language of newspaper headlines, the language of the editorials.

Scientific-professional style and its peculiarities on lexical, morphological, syntactical and compositional levels.

Official business style: the language of business documents, the language of legal documents, the language of diplomatic documents, the language of military documents.

Literature:

1. Kukharenko V.A. Seminars in Style. – P. 113-126.

2. Galperin I.R. Stylistics. – P. 9-23, 253-331.

3. Скребнев Ю.М. Основы стилистики английского языка. – С.55-82, 183-232.

4. Арнольд И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка. – С. 51-101.