Учебное пособие_Контрольные работы по английскому языку

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Задание № 10. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Invention

Invention (device or process) is creation of new devices, objects, ideas, or procedures useful in accomplishing human objectives. The process of invention is invariably preceded by one or more discoveries that help the inventor solve the problem at hand. A discovery may be accidental, such as the discovery of X- rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen while he was experimenting with cathode rays, or induced, such as the invention of the lightning rod by Benjamin Franklin after he proved that lightning is an electrical phenomenon.

Early inventors were usually isolated and unable to support themselves through their inventions. In some cases, although two individuals working independently achieved the same innovation simultaneously, only one was recognized for the discovery. For example, the American inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell applied for a patent on the telephone on the same day. Credit for the discovery of the calculus was fought for bitterly by the English scientist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton and the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

Today most modern inventions and discoveries take place in large research organizations supported by universities, government agencies, private industries, or privately endowed foundations. Because of this, ascribing any single invention to a specific person has become difficult.

an invention - изобретение creation - создание

a discovery - открытие

to support - поддерживать research - исследование

Задание № 11. Перепишите вопросы к тексту и письменно ответьте на них.

1.What is invention?

2.Can the discovery be accidental?

3.Early inventors were not usually isolated and unable to support themselves through their inventions, were they?

4.Where do most modern inventions and discoveries take place?

5.Why has ascribing any single invention to a specific person become difficult?

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Вариант № 10

Задание № 1. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, подчеркните неопределенные местоимения.

1.Have you got any objections?

2.I don’t know about it; ask somebody else.

3.I got the book without any difficulty.

4.I have nothing to read.

Задание № 2. Выберите прилагательные в соответствующей степени сравнения. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.If you require (further, farther, the furthest) information or assistance, ask at your local station.

2.Actions speak (more louder, the loudest, louder) than words.

3.Hotels are becoming (more expensive, the most expensive, expensiver) nowadays.

4.The damage to the car could be (bad, worse, the worst) than we expected.

Задание № 3.Выберите нужную форму глагола to be и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.There (is, are, was) ten pens and a magazine on the table.

2.All historical places of London (had been, were, are) in the West End.

3.He was considered (to be, to have been, was) a good teacher.

4.Two pilots (were, was, are) on the plane when it crashed.

Задание № 4. Вставьте there’s или it’s. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.… a stove in the kitchen.

2.… evident that people want peace.

3. … no point in trying to persuade Jane. She will never make up her mind. 4. Where’s the chair? … not in the living room.

Задание № 5.Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык.

Поставьте эти предложения в вопросительную и в отрицательную форму.

1. In the year 1620 a ship named the ‘Mayflower’ b rought 120 Englishmen to the rocky coast of America.

2.Spaceships, computers and even an Egyptian mummy are among the many thousands of objects in the Science Museum’s world famous collection.

3.They became successful businessmen.

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them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase.

Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables on.

Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.

The pollution of air and the world's ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man's careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crisis.

Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.

Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO - have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions. An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organization Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.

But these are only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generations.

ancient - древний harmony - гармония

environment - окружающая среда to interfere - вмешиваться

to increase - увеличиваться, возрастать smoky - дымный

by-product - побочный продукт

Задание № 11. Перепишите вопросы к тексту и письменно ответьте на них.

1.How did people live for thousands of years?

2.What cities appear all over the world today?

3.What pollutes the air we breathe?

4.What is the result of the pollution the atmosphere?

5.Why is environmental protection of a universal concern?

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Контрольная работа № 2

Вариант № 1

Задание № 1. Выберите соответствующее местоимение. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.Who are (that, these, those) people over there?

2.Ann and Peter phone (them, themselves, each other) every day.

3.The building is very high but (his, its, their) windows are small.

4.You are quite ill. You must go (somewhere, anywhere, nowhere) today.

Задание № 2. Выберите нужный предлог in, of, for, to, at. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.My boss is not afraid … taking risks.

2.I am very good … mathematics.

3. Our Personnel Manager is responsible … hiring ne w staff.

4.I am interested … buying a new computer.

5.Some of the staff is not very enthusiastic about moving … our new office.

Задание № 3. Закончите разделительные вопросы и перепишите их.

1.It gets dark very early in winter, …?

2.He has been in construction for many years, …?

3.Builders construct residential and industrial buildings, …?

4.They sent a message to him yesterday, …?

5.Prefabricated units are delivered to the construction site, …?

Задание № 4. Поставьте предложения с модальными глаголами в прошедшем или будущем времени, используя слова, данные в скобках.

Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.We have to buy some food for the picnic today (last Saturday).

2.He can speak English (when he was ten).

3.Mr. Smith must be in his office now (two hours agо).

Задание № 5. Выберите действительную или страдательную форму

глагола. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.The power (is switched off, switched off).

2.They (are built, build) a lot of new houses in this district every year.

3.New metro stations (were built, built) in our city.

4.The pump (is made, makes) the water flow.

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Задание № 6. Переделайте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный, сохраняя видовременную форму сказуемого. Напишите и

переведите полученные предложения на русский язык.

1.Builders use a great variety of materials nowadays.

2.This firm is constantly producing prefab panels.

3.A famous architect has designed these buildings.

4.They built and modernized very many irrigation systems.

5.People will forget it very soon.

Задание № 7. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите из каждого глагол – сказуемое и определите его видовременную

форму и залог. Напишите форму инфинитива глагола.

1.Mankind has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities.

2.According to its chemical and mechanical properties steel may be used in different branches of industry.

3.Natural resources and energy are getting more expensive, and air is becoming seriously polluted.

4.The ancient Egyptians discovered how to cut stone for building purposes.

5.The walls and towers of the Moscow Kremlin are protected with special waterresistant solution.

6.The modern twenty–five storey hotel has been ere cted in the center of Moscow.

Задание № 8. Выберите нужную форму глагола. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.If you (heat) water to 1000, it (boil).

2.If the ice were thick enough, we (be) able to walk across the river.

3.If they (study), they (pass) the exam. They failed it.

4.If he (go) without her, she never (speak) to him again.

Задание № 9. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

Выпишите причастный (Absolute Participle Construction) или инфинитивный (Complex Object, Complex Subject) оборот и определите его тип.

1.We expect the problem to be solved in the near future.

2.This being done we decided to have a rest.

3.He is supposed to be in his office now.

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Задание № 10. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

From the History of Building

Man has always been a builder. The first houses in different countries of the world were made of wood. In other regions the most convenient building material was stone.

The ancient Egyptians erected temples, palaces. Having dried the bricks in the sun, they put up four walls, and above these they placed a flat roof. The roof was flat because there was very little rain in Egypt. Egyptian builders gave the world the column which has played an important part in the history of building. Most of the buildings of old times were based upon the column and beam method of construction.

The Greeks built a slanting roof because there was much rain in their country. The Romans added the arch, thus increasing strength and beauty to their buildings. Since the middle Ages, brickwork has been in constant use everywhere.

In our country architecture flourished for the first time in Kiev Russ. The churches of the time were strong buildings with thick walls and small windows.

During the last hundred years many new methods of building have been discovered. The use of precast concrete is a very advanced construction technique. Nowadays houses are often built of complete concrete structural units which are factory-made and assembled on the spot.

since the middle ages – начиная со средних веков a flat roof – плоская крыша

строительства an arch – арка

a brickwork – кирпичная кладка precast concrete – сборный бетон

Задание № 11. Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания.

Most of the buildings of old times were based upon …

a)concrete structural units

b)the use of steel

c)the column and beam method of construction

Задание № 12. Перепишите вопросы к тексту и письменно ответьте на них.

1.Did ancient people use wood or bricks to build their houses?

2.What kinds of buildings did the ancient Egyptians erect?

3.What method of construction was used for most of the buildings of old times?

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4.Why did the Greeks build a slanting roof?

5.What building materials are used nowadays?

Вариант № 2

Задание № 1. Выберите соответствующее местоимение. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.He took the child into (her, hers, his) arms.

2.(These, that, those) was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.

3.We enjoyed (myself, our, ourselves) at the dance.

4.This demand of (them, they, theirs) is quite ridiculous.

Задание № 2. Выберите нужный предлог after, of, for, with, at. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.He woke up … 8 o’clock.

2.They sent … a doctor.

3.He cared for and looked … his aging mother.

4.There is nothing wrong … him.

5.He is always careful … himself.

Задание № 3. Закончите разделительные вопросы и перепишите их.

1.Wood is the most ancient structural material, …?

2.We use many building materials for bearing structures, …?

3.He will wait in the next room, …?

4.There isn’t any extinguishing valve in this system, …?

5.We haven’t known him since his childhood, …?

Задание № 4. Поставьте предложения с модальными глаголами в прошедшем или будущем времени, используя слова, данные в скобках.

Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.She can play a few simple tunes on the piano (when she was a little girl).

2.They must go home alone (tomorrow).

3.I can translate this article (the next week).

Задание № 5. Выберите действительную или страдательную форму

глагола. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.The news (will announce, will be announced) after dinner.

2.Our scientists (are examining, are being examined) a new spaceship.

3.The front door of his house (unlocked, was unlocked).

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4. The secretary (has recently brought, has been recently brought) this letter.

Задание № 6. Переделайте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный, сохраняя видовременную форму сказуемого. Напишите и

переведите полученные предложения на русский язык.

1.Tom and Harry were carrying our suitcases.

2.She found the envelope at last.

3.We use secondary materials for the interior finish.

4.Our architects have gained considerable creative achievements.

5.They will discuss your report next week.

Задание № 7. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите из каждого глагол – сказуемое и определите его видовременную

форму и залог. Напишите форму инфинитива глагола.

1.Stone has been used as a structural material since the earliest days.

2.Buses and taxis are given a special lane.

3.James was picking his way among the heaps of gravel.

4.Tom has just told me a good story.

5.We shall have finished all the housework by 6 o’clock this afternoon.

6.Materials which have been affected by the fire are non-combustible.

Задание № 8. Выберите нужную форму глагола. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.If we (clear) this forest, many animals (die).

2.He (become) a highly qualified specialist, if he (study) well.

3.If I (be) you, I (study) for the exams.

4.We (not be able) to live, if the trees (not make) oxygen.

Задание № 9. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

Выпишите причастный (Absolute Participle Construction) или инфинитивный (Complex Object, Complex Subject) оборот и определите его тип.

1.The river Thames is known to divide the city into two parts.

2.He would like us to read this book.

3.The weather being fine, they went for a walk.

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Задание № 10. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Fire and Water

The pages of history are full of conflagrations and disasters caused by fire.

The industrial revolution at the end of the nineteenth century resulted in higher economic efficiency; it also created greater fire risks and more damage from fire.

Another challenge in the fight against fire has been set by newly developed materials that decompose in a fire to products that pollute the environment. It shows the link between fire protection and environmental protection.

Automatic fire fighting with the use of sprinkler systems has been known since the middle of the nineteenth century. Henry S. Parmelee, American piano builder, had the pioneering idea which was to revolutionize fire protection. His invention, the automatic “Sprinkler System”, was taken up by t he engineer Wilhelm Walther as early as 1884, and this led to the construction of the first system in Germany.

In order to protect the environment, fire protection specialists have set themselves the task of preventing or restricting the influence of contaminated extinguishing water.

The Micro Drop extinguishing process is a major step towards the optimum use of water as an extinguishing agent.

The breakthrough was achieved by transforming the extinguishing water into a fog-like cloud of droplets distributed in space.

contaminated – загрязненный extinguishing – гасящий, тушащий

Micro Drop – микрокапельный

a sprinkler system – противопожарная система

Задание № 11. Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания.

The industrial revolution at the end of the nineteenth century resulted in …

a)industrial fire protection laboratories

b)reducing the damage caused by fire

c)higher economic efficiency

Задание № 12. Перепишите вопросы к тексту и письменно ответьте на них.

1.What are the pages of history full of?

2.The industrial revolution at the end of the nineteenth century resulted in reducing the damage caused by fire, didn’t it?

3.Who had the idea to revolutionize fire protection?

4.What is the major step towards the optimum use of water?

5.How is the extinguishing water transformed in the Micro Drop system?