- •Contents
- •I. Selling
- •IV. Read the text again and answer the following questions.
- •§1 Quick, §2 path, §3 probable, §5 persuade, §7 discouraging.
- •If you fail to follow up an initial contact …………
- •If you are going to do the selling and it has not been your job previously it is vital ……….
- •If the goods are going to be late …………
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Commerce
- •§1Unprocessed, §2substitute, §3empower, §4obtain, include; §7consist; amount
- •6. Banks assist commerce by providing businessmen ………….. .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Consumer Goods
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Pricing And Sales
- •VI. Find the equivalents of these Russian words and phrases in the text.
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Pricing strategies:
- •How to Set a Price
- •II. Read and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§2 Computation, §3 cost, §5 purchaser, §7 maintain, §5 resources
- •5. Some people use the level of costs as a way of……… .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Modern-day Retailing
- •§1 Intend, §2 supply, §3 range, §5 realize, §6 equipment.
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Wholesale Trade
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§1 A person who buys in bulk, §1 luggage compartment, §2 multiple store, §3dispenser, §3 tradesman, §3 producer, §4 storehouse, §5 assortment of goods
- •2. Firms engaged in large-scale retail trade is large enough …………………. .
- •3. The wholesalers reduce the number of parcels ……………………… .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Credit Sales
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •1. In order to encourage retailers to………… a wholesaler may offer a cash discount.
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§1 Preparations, §2 mediators, §3 at the same time, §4 relations, §7 peculiarity,
- •§8 Decrease
- •Intermediaries (stockbrokers) who transact business …………… .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •The Role of the Market
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§2 Domestic; use §3 work §5 offer; temporary; senior managers §6 shortage
- •2. The low hamburger price was a good way to satisfy your appetite………. .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Marketing and Promotion
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Trade Restrictions
- •III. Now read the text and check your answers to the statements from ex. II.
- •§1 Newborn, §2 restricted, §3 obligatory, §4 precise, §5 free from
- •If an industry is just starting up (when it is called an infant industry) the government may help it because ………….. .
- •If tariffs only apply to certain goods of certain countries, …………. .
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Sales Jobs
- •§1 Main, §3 profitable, §3 to increase, §3 to underline, §4 to debate
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •XI.Paraphrase the following phrases in italics using the expressions from ex. X.
- •References
§1 Newborn, §2 restricted, §3 obligatory, §4 precise, §5 free from
Find the definitions of these words and phrases in the text.
a tax levied by a government on imports or occasionally exports for purposes of protection
a certificate which gives permission to do something
a maximum number
a document which declares the value of the goods
a document issued by a seller to a buyer listing the goods or services supplied and stating the sum of money due
a document stating the name of the country that produced a specified shipment of goods: often required before importation of goods
Look for details in the text and choose the proper option.
If an industry is just starting up (when it is called an infant industry) the government may help it because ………….. .
it makes the country richer and provides employment
it makes the country better-off
it makes the country at an advantage
If tariffs only apply to certain goods of certain countries, …………. .
they are short-term
they are temporary
they are selective
It can be important to show the origin of goods when the importing and exporting countries have special trade agreements, because ………….. .
businessmen may pay less taxes
traders may pay less duty
traders may pay no duty
Under trade agreements certain goods from certain countries may be ………. .
exempt from some of the taxes, or they may be allowed bigger quotas.
free from some of the taxes
imposed extra tariffs on
Which of the three is the key message of the text?
By imposing import restrictions the government сan help аn infant industry to develop. When the importing and exporting countries have special trade agreements, traders may pay less duty.
The government might also impоse taxes on imported goods. These taxes are called duty or tariffs.
Trade restrictions are enforced by the Customs and Excise department. Importers have to fill out customs declaration form which declares the value of the goods so that the customs men can calculate the tariffs (taxes) they must pay.
Vocabulary Focus
Fill in the table with the missing derivatives from the text.
Nouns |
Verbs |
Adjectives |
|
|
restrictive |
enforcement |
|
|
consulate |
|
|
|
|
original |
|
select |
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subsidiary |
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|
Match the halves of the phrases.
1. limit 2. impоse taxes on 3. apply for 4. apply to 5. fill out 6. declare 7. be allowed 8. the invoice |
a) certain goods b) for the goods c) imported goods d) a limited time e) the importation of the goods f) the value of the goods g) bigger quotas i) customs declaration form |
Paraphrase the following phrases in italics using the expressions from ex. X.
The government might also set duties on foreign wares.
If duties only relate for a restricted moment, they are temporary.
Traders may also be partial to a share of commodities.
Importers have to complete an application which declares goods.
If tariffs are relevant to a short time they are temporary.
A springboard for discussion
Imagine that you want to import some goods (e.g., IT, food, cars, etc.). What imposed restrictions will you encounter?
How does our government help our producers?