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Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing)

Present Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения действия, совершаемого до момента речи и, возможно, завершившегося к моменту речи. В отличие от Present Perfect, где обозначается результат действия, Present Perfect Continuous обозначает процесс.

My hands are dirty. I have been repairing the car. У меня грязные руки. Я ремонтировал машину. (Неизвестно, удалось ли отремонтировать машину)

The car is OK. I have repaired it. Машина в порядке. Я ее отремонтировал. (Очевидный результат: машина отремонтирована)

Английские глаголы в Present Perfect Continuous на русский язык переводятся глаголами несовершенного вида (я что делал?), тогда как английские глаголы в Present Perfect глаголами совершенного вида (я что сделал?)

Present Perfect Continuous часто указывает как долго и/или с какого момента происходит действие и употребляется с предлогами for или since.

Sally has been working here since April.

I have been exercising for 2 hours.

+ I (you, we, they) have been + …ing

I have been fishing since early morning.

+ she (he, it) has been + …ing

She has been studying Japanese since May.

- I (you, we, they) have not (haven’t) been + …ing

I haven’t been fishing since early morning.

- she (he, it) has not (hasn’t) been + …ing

She has been studying Japanese since May.

? Have you (I, we, they) been + …ing?

Have you been fishing since early morning?.

? Has she (he, it) been + …ing?

Has she been studying Japanese since May?

Способы выражения прошедшего времени

Past Simple (I did)

Past Continuous (I was doing)

  • описывает исторические события

The Chinese invented printing.

King Henry VIII died in 1547.

  • обозначает законченные действия-факты, произошедшие в прошлом

I went to Italy last year.

We ate an hour ago.

+ I (you, she, he, etc) … ed (прав. гл.)

II (неправ. гл.)

She studied law at university.

He sent an e-mail yesterday.

- I (you, she, etc) did not (didn’t) I

She didn’t study law at

university.

He didn’t send an e-mail

yesterday.

? Did you (I, she, he, etc) I?

Did she study law at university?

Did he send an-email yesterday?

in 1967, last year (weekend, Monday, etc), 3 weeks ago, yesterday, in the past

  • обозначает длительное незаконченное действие-процесс, происходящее в определенный момент прошлого или указанный период времени

I was having a business lunch with my partner at 12.

Определенный момент

прошлого может быть

указан другим действием,

обычно в Past Simple.

She was sleeping when

he came home.

+ I (she, he, it) was + …ing

You (we, they) were + … ing

She was making dinner

when the phone rang.

They were playing football

at 7 pm yesterday.

- I (she, he, it) was not (wasn’t) + …ing

You (we, they) were not (weren’t) + … ing

She wasn’t making dinner

when the phone rang.

They weren’t playing

football at 7 yesterday.

? Was I (she, he, it) … ing?

Were you (we, they) … ing?

Was she making dinner

when the phone rang?

Were they playing football

at 7 yesterday?

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