UNIT 3. DEGREES OF COMPARISON. FUTURE SIMPLE. PERFECT TENSES. PASSIVE VOICE

PART I. COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREES

MODEL 1

Great, greater, the greatest

Hot, hotter, the hottest

Silly, sillier, the silliest

Important, more important, the most important

Intelligent, less intelligent, the least intelligent

Good, better, the best

Bad, worse, the worst

Far, farther/further, the farthest/the furthest

Many/much, more, the most

Little, less, the least

EXERCISE 1

Translate the sentences:

I.1. At midnight traffic moves slower. 2. I work harder than you. 3. She is becoming prettier every year. 4. The bag looked bigger than it really was. 5. Is the Nile the longest river on the Earth? 6. The busiest day in a week is Monday, without doubt. 7. There were fewer people than we expected. 8. The mountaineers climbed higher and higher to the highest mountain summit of the world.

II.1. The most successful career I ever heard of was that of Bill Gates. 2. He proved himself more creative than we had thought.

3.The jackal looks less dangerous and less ugly when you come closer to it. 4. We are going to face the most difficult problem very soon. 5. This is the most sensible thing you ever said. 6. The engine turned out to be less powerful than I expected. 7. He is a true adventurer — the riskier a situation the more exciting for him. 8. There are some things that are more valuable than money, aren't there?

III.1. It's better not to argue with the old. 2. The situation was even worse than we predicted. 3. A little more than enough breaks the horse's back. 4. The best thing about her is that she never loses her self-control. 5. Further we'll consider the question in detail.

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6. The greatest talkers are the least doers. 7. Live as you think best. 8. The thing that worried me most was the timing. I was afraid to miss my plane.

EXERCISE 2

Put in the adjectives and adverbs in the appropriate form:

1. I am sorry to say that this year you study (regularly) than last year. 2. I assure you he is (good) than he seems to be. 3. The (bad) thing about you is that you wouldn't listen! 4. Their new flat turned out to be (comfortable) than we thought knowing how unpractical they are. 5. The lady on the portrait had (beautiful) face I had ever seen. 6. There were (little) wine in the house than we hoped; fortunately, there were (few) guests than we expected to come, so everyone had enough. 7. Don't worry — he'll come back (soon) than you think. 8. East or West, home is (good). 9. The boy is acting (brave) now when he is 15 years old. He behaves like a man. 10. In this fog and in these glasses I can't see (far) than those buildings across the road. 11. Does she play the violin (good) than her sister? — I think, she plays (bad), but she is going to be (successful) — she can make the best of herself when it's necessary, and she never loses her head. 12. The (many) the (merry).

EXERCISE 3

Answer the questions:

1. What is the latest fashion in summer clothes? 2. Who works more — lawyers or accountants? 3. What is as white as snow? What is whiter? 4. When do you feel better — before or after sleep? 5. Would it be wiser never to argue whatever they tell you? 6. What in your opinion is the greatest film you ever saw? 7. Is murder the worst crime? 8. Does it ever happen to you that your way to school takes you longer than usually? If so, why does it happen? 9. Why are some people less attractive than the other? 10. Do you like overconfident people who always know better? 11. Which way of investment would be more profitable — buying shares or opening an account with a bank? 12. What could make you happier?

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EXERCISE 4

Translate the sayings trying to find the most appropriate Russian equivalents:

1. An expert is one who knows more and more about less and less. 2. Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing. 3. Silver needs polishing, gold does best as it is. 4. Better be the head of a dog than a tail of a lion. 5. Obstacles bring out the best in a man. 6. The fewer the better. 7. It is easier to say than to do. 8. The less you know the more you study. The more you learn the more you know. The more you know the more you forget. The more you forget the less you know. So why to study?

EXERCISE 5

Translate into English:

1. Апельсины на юге дешевле картофеля. 2. Я знаю больше, чем ты думаешь. 3. Когда дело идет о групповом преступлении, всегда трудно сказать, кто из преступников виновнее. 4. Я бы не сказал, что математика — самый сложный предмет, но она сложнее, чем многие другие. 5. Вы легко опознаете его: он самый высокий из всех присутствующих. 6. Мы с сестрой похожи, но ее волосы темнее, и мне кажется, что она гораздо красивее меня. 7. В зале суда присутствовало меньше людей, чем мы ожидали. 8. Она продемонстрировала менее гибкий подход, чем я надеялась. 9. Хуже не бывает. 10. Я сказала ему, что он менее информирован, чем ему кажется. 11. В дальнейшем мы вернемся к этому вопросу. 12. Ночь была не такая холодная, как мы думали, но все равно мы промерзли до костей.

EXERCISE 6

Read the texts paying attention to degrees of comparison.

THE LEAST SUCCESSFUL MUGGING

In 1978 Sussex police launched a hunt for a 'six-foot, darkhaired youth of about 20' who failed to mug a five-foot, 74-year-old grandmother.

The youth sprang upon Mrs. Ethel West while she was walking through Chichester Cathedral cloisters. Surprisingly, when Mrs. West grabbed the mugger's wrist, he cried, “Oh God! Oh no! Stop!”

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Encouraged by these pleas, she put him in an arm lock at which the mugger cried, “Oh no! Oh Christ!” and ran away.

“If I hadn't been carrying my shopping, I would have really put him on his back,” said Mrs. West who took a course of judo when younger.

“Before my husband died I used to practice throwing him at Christmas,” she explained.

THE WORST BANK ROBBERS

In August 1975 three men were on their way in to rob the Royal Bank of Scotland at Rothesay, when they got stuck in the revolving doors. They had to be helped free by the staff and, after thanking everyone, left the building.

A few minutes later they returned and announced their intention of robbing the bank, but none of the staff believed them. When, at first, they demanded 5,000 pounds, the head cashier laughed at them, convinced that that was a practical joke.

The gang leader reduced his demand first to 500 ponds, then to 50 pounds and finally to 50 pence. By this time the cashier could barely control herself for laughter.

Then one of the men jumped over the counter and fell on the floor. The other two made their getaway, but got trapped in the revolving doors for a second time, pushing it the wrong way.

THE LEAST SUCCESSFUL BANK ROBBER

Not wishing to attract attention to himself, a bank robber in 1969 at Portland, Oregon, wrote all the instructions on a piece of paper rather than shout.

'This is a hold-up and I've got a gun,' he wrote and then held the paper up for the cashier to read.

Then the robber wrote, 'Put all the money in a paper bag.'

The message was pushed through the grille. The cashier read it and then wrote on the bottom, 'I don't have a paper bag,' and passed it back.

The robber fled.

THE LEAST ALERT BURGLAR

A burglar from Paris broke into a house at the village of Lachelle. He found in the fridge his favourite cheese and decided to try it.

He then found some biscuits and three bottles of champagne.

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After a while he began to feel sleepy and decided that he would lie down and digest the meal in comfort. He was arrested next morning fast asleep upstairs in the spare bedroom.

The Worst Hijacker

We shall never know the identity of the man who in 1976 made the most unsuccessful hijack attempt ever. On a flight across America. he rose from his seat. drew a gun and took the stewardess hostage.

“Take me to Detroit,” he said.

“We re already going to Detroit,” she replied. “Oh ... good,” he said, and sat down again.

Work in groups and discuss the following questions:

—Which story is the funniest?

—Which criminal was the most stupid? the worst prepared? the most cowardly? the most unprofessional?

—What do you think of the way the victims of the crimes be-

haved?

—What would you have done if you had been the cashier, the old lady, the stewardess?

PART II. FUTURE SIMPLE

I (you, he, she, we, they) will not do (won’t do) Will you (he, she, we, they) do?

EXERCISE 1

Open the brackets, use the verbs in Future Simple:

1. I (talk) to him next Saturday. 2. We (hear) this case in a week. 3. They (invite) the witnesses tomorrow. 4. The jury (spend) several hours deliberating the verdict. 5. He (become) a lawyer next year. 6. I am afraid the weather (not be) good at the weekend. 7. You (go) to listen to his speech? 8. I am sure the judge (sentence) him to some years of imprisonment. 9. How many students (arrive) to us?

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MODEL 2

If you come late, they will wait in the hall.

If the weather is good, we will go there in a boat.

EXERCISE 2

Open the bracket, using Future Simple or Present Simple:

1. When I (see) him, I (phone) you. 2. If he (decide) not to do it, he (be) right. 3. You (pass) your exam, if you (work hard). 4. As soon as we (know) the results, we (inform) you. 5. We (help) you if we (nor be) busy. 6. The policeman (catch) the thief if he (not run) very fast. 7. He (visit) us if he (have) an invitation. 8. When he (feel) better, he (come) to the office. 9. Nick (send) money as soon as he (earn) some. 10. They (be) very surprised, when they (meet) him here.

EXERCISE 3 Read the dialogue:

—So, my dear friend, listen to me attentively, and soon you will know everything about the jury service. A special commission will invite you and ask you questions. So they will see if you are eligible for jury service.

—What must I do to be eligible?

—You must be over 18 years of age, a citizen of the United States, a resident of the county where you will be a juror. You must know the English language. And of course you can't be a juror if you are a criminal. If people have certain illnesses, they also can't be in the jury.

So if they are satisfied with your answers, you will be part of the "jury pool". The first step will be the selection of the jury panel. After it you will go to the courtroom together with other members of the panel. The judge will tell you about the case you are going to hear. He/she will introduce you to the lawyers and people involved in the case. You will take an oath and promise to answer all the questions truthfully. The judge and the lawyers will ask the members of the panel a lot of different questions to find out if you have any personal interest in the case. Because if you have a personal interest, you won't be able to be impartial. If the judge or the lawyers don't like your answers, they will excuse you from sitting on the jury for

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this particular case. It is called CHALLENGING A JUROR. If they excuse you, you will return to the juror waiting area and will wait for another panel. In some counties there is a rule that they will excuse you from service at all.

—So there is a chance that they will excuse me? I must say, that I am not eager at all to be a juror. It is not interesting for me.

—What are you talking about? Interesting or not interesting! The right to trial by a jury is one of our most important rights and is guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States. By serving on a jury you help to guarantee one of our most important freedoms.

—Oh, sorry. I didn't know that you take it so seriously.

Say in short what the process of selecting the jury consists of. EXERCISE 4

—Read, translate and explain the use of tenses. Dramatize the dialogue.

—Is your son really going to be a policeman?

—No, no, nothing like this!

—But I heard he is going to take a course.

—That's right. But this is not the course to become a policeman. He decided to be a bodyguard.

—How extravagant!

—Not at all. Nowadays, becoming a bodyguard is big business. To have a bodyguard is a necessary decoration for the rich and famous.

—You mean that it is fashionable to have a bodyguard?

—Yes, especially if they are trained in England.

—Like having an English butler?

—Something like this.

—But then your son will be a huge fellow, built like Mr. Uni-

verse?

—Not necessarily. You will see huge bodyguards only in films. It is more likely that a rich man will hire a normal guy to protect his wife.

—So, John will have a wonderful romantic job protecting famous star!

—Oh, the reality of the job is far more boring. He will spend hours waiting outside hotel rooms or standing outdoors in the cold and rain.

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EXERCISE 5

Choose the correct variant:

1. The judge ... to ask witnesses for this case. He told me about

EXERCISE 6

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Я объясню тебе различия между федеральными законами и законами штатов. 2. Мы обсудим его методы проведения допроса позже. 3. Судья объявит приговор после обеда. 4. Сторона защиты проведет перекрестный допрос. 5. Вы будете выполнять почетную обязанность присяжного заседателя. 6. Он получит повестку с приглашением на беседу. 7. Судья представит присяжным тех, кто будет участвовать в деле. 8. Он будет задавать тебе разные вопросы. Ты должен отвечать правдиво. 9. Мы рассмотрим все улики. 10. Суд состоится через два дня.

PART III. PERFECT TENSES

A. PRESENT PERFECT

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EXERCISE 1

Translate into Russian:

I. 1. Have you ever been in court? 2. I have never investigated such a difficult case. 3. He has not found any proofs yet. 4. Have you already interrogated the witnesses? 5. He has not visited his client in prison yet. 6. Has the judge announced the sentence yet? 7. The jury have just reached the verdict and are going to pronounce it. 8. We have discussed the case this week. 9. The thief has refused to answer our questions.

II. 1. I’ve never heard such a silly excuse before. 2. Have you finished your essay yet? 3. Has he finished his drink already? 4. I’ve been to different places and done different things: I’ve been a dealer, a broker, a tax inspector. 5. They have just started discussing the matter; they haven’t decided anything yet. 6. Have you ever worked at a stock exchange? 7. This quarter we’ve introduced a new quality control system and achieved very good results. 8. He wants to transfer to Sales Department; he’s spoken to our Head of Department, but he hasn’t spoken to the Director yet. 9. People have always been like that — at times unpredictably cruel, at times unexpectedly kind. 10. Readers have always been a minority. 11. The Managing Director has been very busy lately. He hasn’t been available since Monday. 12. The sales have dropped twice this month.

EXERCISE 2

Use the verbs in the Present Perfect:

1. I (to be) in this town this year. 2. I (to see) this criminal before. 3. He (to commit) this kind of crimes many times. 4. He (not to have) a talk with the judge yet. 5. What he (to do)? 6. You (to mention) his name. 7. They (not to tell) the truth. 8. I (to question) the witness. 9. We already (to call) him. 10. They (to bring) the accused. 11. … the secretary (to go) already? 12. I (not to see) her since then. 13. Recently the auditors (to visit) the plant twice. 14. We (not to make) the decision yet.

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EXERCISE 3

Tom Atkins, a lawyer, is planning his week. Things he has done he marked with “v”. Say what he has done and what not.

Model: He has visited his client in prison.

—call witnesses for the case of Andrew Smith (v)

—write letters to the college

—discuss the new project with colleagues

—prepare for the exam in civil law (v)

—write the speech for the trial

—visit the client in prison (v)

EXERCISE 4

Answer the questions according to the model:

How long have you worked in this court? — I’ve worked here since 1997.

1.How long have you known the accused? —

_________________ 1999.

2.How long has the suspect lived in this place? —

______________ several months.

3.How long have you been interested in law? —

_______________ a long time.

4.How long have your neighbours been in contact with drug dealers? — _________ 1993.

5.How long has the teenager had problems with the police? —

_____________February.

6.How long has Hilda liked detective books?—

______________ last year.

7.How long has your mother owned this house? —

____________ 1965.

8.How long has Mrs. Brown been a magistrate? —

___________ 2004.

EXERCISE 5

Complete the sentences using the model:

I'm very tired today. I've been tired since I got up in the morn-

ing.

1. Fred is nervous. He _________ since he learnt the news about the murder.

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2.The window is broken. It __________ since yesterday morning.

3.My neighbours quarrel every night. They ___________

since they moved here last month.

4.I have a backache. I _______ since I hurt it yesterday while chasing a criminal.

5.The jury are bored. They _______ since the lawyers began to discuss the details of the case.

6.I have a headache. I _____________ since my deputy re-

signed.

EXERCISE 6

Complete the sentences using the model: I’ve told you, haven’t I?

1. You’ve been here all the time and seen it all, …? 2. He has sold his car, … ? 3. The accountant hasn’t finished the balance sheet yet, …? 4. I haven’t asked you a question, …? 5. We have never produced such a product before, …? 6. She has never insulted a single person in her life, …? 7. I’ve seen you before, …? 8. Several years ago we didn’t know how to operate with securities — shares and bonds. Since then we have progressed a lot, …? 9. The boss hasn’t offered me a pay rise, but he’s as good as promised me promotion, …? 10. You have understood the Present Perfect, …?

EXERCISE 7

Read the following dialogue. Translate it paying attention to the use of the Perfect Tense:

—Hi, John. Sorry for interrupting you at work, but I need a lawyer's advice.

—What happened?

—Oh, don't worry. Nothing very serious. I haven’t killed any-

body.

—All right, all right. I haven't thought that you killed anybody. But as far as I remember you have never called me at my office. You do worry me!

—I haven't planned to worry you. Really. The matter is I've received a letter today.

—Blackmail?

—No, no. Let me explain. It's a letter from the court.

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—So you have committed some crime, haven’t you?

—Oh, God! How impatient you are! You haven't given me a chance to explain.

—Go ahead! Don’t beat about the bush! What kind of letter

was it?

—They have invited me to be a juror.

—You really have frightened me. Why didn't you tell me at once that they invited you to be a juror? What's so terrible about it?

—But I have never been in a court! I don't know anything

about it!

—You needn’t know anything special. Your job as a juror is to listen to all the evidence at the trial and to decide the facts. Come to my place in the evening and I will explain you in details what you must do.

—Thank you. I will come, of course. But can you tell me right now how they have found my name?

—Nothing is simpler. They have taken it at random from voter registration list.

—Oh, I see.

Make a dialogue of your own using Perfect Tense. EXERCISE 8

Present Perfect or Past Simple?

Good evening. This is 9 o’clock news.

Several men _________ (spend) the night in police cells following the riots in Coventry. A female doctor from Leeds ________

(be given) a five year suspended sentence for administering a fatal overdose to an elderly patient. And in Shropshire a woman _______

(admit) killing her husband after years of abuse. Here are the details. Riots ________ (break out) in Coventry last night following the election of an extreme right-wing candidate to the city council.

Four men ______ (spend) the night in the cells, but police ______

(release) them early in the morning.

Dr. Mary Jenson, from Leeds, who ______ (give) an overdose to a 75-year-old patient last May, ______ (claim) yesterday in court that it was the patient’s wish. The family ____ (say) in the hearing that they _____ (not know) anything about this. The judge _____

(give) the woman a five-year suspended sentence after the jury

______ (return) a guilty verdict.

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And finally, a Shropshire woman _______ (admit) killing her husband. They _____(have) a violent row which ______ (end) with her shooting him. She is charged with manslaughter. That’s all for now. The next news will be at 10 o’clock.

EXERCISE 9

Present Perfect or Past Simple?

Policeman: So, Mr. Thompson, you’re unemployed. Thompson: That’s right. I worked/have worked for Toy Box

for two years, but then they made/have made me redundant. Policeman: I see. And last week you stole/have stolen some

toys for the store.

Thompson: Yes, I’m afraid so. You see, I was/have been unemployed for 18 months and now it’s Christmas and I didn’t buy/haven’t ought any presents for my kids. I know it was/has been stupid…

Policeman: It’s a crime, you know.

Thompson: I know. I went/have been to the store twice ands I tried/have tried to give the toys back, but the manager didn’t accept/hasn’t accepted them. I offered/have offered to pay for them the second time, too.

Policeman: Well, we’ll see what the manager says …

EXERCISE 10

Read the following text, translate it into Russian, paying attention to the use of Perfect Tense.

ALLEN IS A LITTLE DISASTER

Allen Davies is only five, but his parents are convinced he's a walking disaster.

The youngster has cracked his head falling into an empty swimming pool, has chopped the end of his finger off with a penknife and has made himself ill by drinking half a bottle of "Dethol".

Each time another disaster strikes Allen, he is taken to the Children's Hospital, where he has been such a regular visitor he believes the nursing sister is a member of his family.

Allen’s mother Margaret said, 'It all started when little Allen was a year old. He fell over and cut himself and had to have stitches in his forehead. Since then he hasn’t stopped. He's been

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taken to hospital at least ten times. The latest accident happened when he climbed on to a shelf and managed to open his father's penknife. He chopped the end of his finger off and had to have it sewn back on'.

Everyone in the hospital has known him for years, and he firmly believes he's got a real sister in the hospital because he knows the sister who looks after him so well.

A sister in the hospital said, 'Whenever we see Allen coming in again, we all shout "What have you been doing this time?"

Allen's older brothers have also had their share of accidents. Robert, 15, tore some ligaments on a skiing holiday and slipped off his crutches, breaking his ankle a few days later. Lee, 13, injured his neck doing a motorbike stunt.

Make up a talk between a) Allen's mother and her neighbour, b) the doctors in the hospital, c) the teachers of the Allens at school.

EXERCISE 11

Translate into English:

1. Ты уже обсудил с адвокатом детали дела? — Нет, мы договорились встретиться через два дня. 2. Я никогда не видел этого преступника прежде, но много читал о его преступлениях. 3. Ты уже подготовился к экзамену по истории права? — Нет, конечно. Я только что сдал курсовую. 4. Вы давно знаете этого адвоката? — Мы работаем с ним более 15 лет. Он очень опытный юрист и честный человек. 5. Ты почему такой расстроенный? — Кто-то только что украл мой мобильный телефон. — Ты уже сообщил в милицию?

B. PAST PERFECT MODEL 2

I, you, he, she, it, we, they had done Had he done?

He hadn’t done

EXERCISE 12

Translate into Russian:

I. 1. After the investigator had interrogated the suspect, he stayed alone in his study to write the record for his chief. 2. Before

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we arrested him, we had been following him and listening to his telephone talks for almost two months. 3. Before I hired a barrister, I had discussed all the details with my solicitor and had all the papers prepared. 4. When the judge had finished his summing up, he asked the jury to consider their verdict. 5. He said that the Senate in Congress had already discussed this proposal. 6. The prosecutor explained that they had not finished their work yet. 7. The chief constable said that they had released as many police officers as possible for operational duties. 8. The thief admitted that he had stolen the money. 9. The policeman asked who had collected the evidence on the scene of the crime.

II. 1. He looked as if he had heard it all before. 2. Before she went to America, she had learnt English. 3. My broker informed me that he had bought some blue chips for a relatively low price. 4. The day was so busy that it was only at 5 p. m. when we realized that we hadn’t had lunch. 5. Finally the speaker said that our group had achieved great results in distributing and delivering goods. 6. I was in such anger I had never felt before. 7. When he told us what had happened we were shocked. 8. Long before the bank went bankrupt there had been evidence of future disaster. 9. I knew where you had been that summer. 10. After we had prepared the report we sent it via Internet to the Board of Directors.

EXERCISE 13

Continue speaking about Tom using the model.

Tom Tough got out of jail yesterday. He had been in jail for ten long years. Before Tom went to jail, he enjoyed:

1)visiting his friends;

2)driving his motorcycle;

3)going bowling;

He also enjoyed:

1._______________

2._______________

3._______________

4._______________

Yesterday was the happiest day in Tom's life. He did all the things he hadn't done in a long time.

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1. He visited his friends again. He hadn't visited them in ten

years.

2.He ____________ _______________ in ten years.

3.__________________________________

EXERCISE 14

Translate into English:

Джон Ричардс был очень расстроен вчера. У него был крайне неудачный день. Когда он пришел на лекцию профессора Дюпона по криминологии, она уже началась. Он приехал в аэропорт встречать свою тетю, а она уже прибыла и взяла такси. Он пришел в ресторан, где должен был встретить своего друга и обсудить с ним некоторые вопросы права, но друг уже ушел. Он решил посетить библиотеку, но когда пришел туда, библиотека уже была закрыта. Он отправился поздравить кузину с днем рождения, но когда он зашел к ней, все гости уже разошлись.

C. PERFECT CONTINUOUS MODEL 3

I, you, we, they have been doing. He, she, it has been doing.

EXERCISE 15

Comment on the following:

—What are you doing here?

—I am waiting for Nick.

—For how long have you been here?

—Half an hour, I think.

—So you have been waiting for him since 2 o’clock, haven’t

you?

— Yeah… He’s so careless. I have to wait for him almost every day.

EXERCISE 16

Use Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous:

1. John told me that they (wait) for the criminal near his house for two days. 2. I did not know that the police already (arrest) the suspect. 3. Did you know that you (drive) at the speed 80 miles per hour before I stopped you? 4. I just wanted to know if you (obtain)

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any useful information. 5. When I offered him the money, he said that he already (receive) all that was due to him. 6. The secretary asked if he (bring) all the necessary papers. 7. The judge explained what crime the accused had committed. 8. As we understood, this group (commit) this kind of crimes all over the country for several years.

EXERCISE 17

Translate into English:

1. Мы не знали до полуночи, сколько человек приняло участие в голосовании. 2. Интерпол собирал информацию об этой преступной группе в течение пяти лет. 3. Я спросил своего друга, нашел ли он уже адвоката. 4. Я был удивлен, что самый плохой студент из нашей студенческой группы занимал такой высокий пост. Я помнил, как он никак не мог постичь разницу между судебной системой США и Великобритании, когда учился в университете. 5. Оказалось, что эта уважаемая дама в течение нескольких месяцев писала анонимные письма всем своим соседям. 6. Только после того, как я сдал специальные экзамены, я стал членом коллегии адвокатов. 7. Мой коллега сообщил мне, что заседание суда началось позже, чем намечалось.

PART IV. PASSIVE VOICE

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EXERCISE 1

1. Translate the sentences:

1. She is a popular girl and is liked by her group mates. 2. The ring was found in the gutter. 3. Money is kept in a bank. 4. Winter clothes are made of wool and leather. 5. You will be paid, don't worry. 6. Was your question answered? 7. Am I understood? 8. Come any time you want. You will be welcomed. 9. She had a birthday party the other day, didn't she? What presents was she given? 10. What is it called? 11. He wasn't arrested for his offence.

12.These artists were not very well known to the general public.

13.People are born equal, aren't they?

2.Make up more sentences in Passive Voice using the same

verbs.

4. Many perpetrators (нарушители) are caught red-handed. 5. Some law-breakers are arrested just on the spot. 6. Criminal plans are frustrated. 7. Special means, methods and forms of crime prevention are used. 8. Criminal cases are heard. 9. Juvenile delinquents are dealt with. 10. Criminality is fought against. 11. Information is obtained. 12. Peace is kept. 13. Records of crime scene investigation are made. 14. Many papers are read and written. 15. Light is shed on many facts. 16. Many suspects are interrogated and interviewed.

B. 1. Streets were patrolled all night. 2. Fingerprints were taken, but no criminals were identified. 3. Citizens’ calls will be received and responded to. 4. Ambushed were laid to catch the murderers.

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EXERCISE 2

1. Translate the text:

MONEY AND BANKING

All values in the economic system are measured in terms of money. Coins are adequate for small transactions, while paper notes are used for general business. There is additionally a wider sense of the word "money", covering anything which is used as a means of exchange, whatever form it may take. Originally, a valuable metal (gold, silver or copper) served as a constant store of value, and even today the American dollar is technically "backed" by the store of gold which the US government maintains. Because gold has been universally regarded as a very valuable metal, national currencies were for many years judged in terms of so-called "gold standard".

Valuable metal has generally been replaced by paper notes. These notes are issued by governments and authorized banks. Other arrangements such as cheques and money orders perform the function of substitute money and are known as "instruments of credit". Credit is offered only when creditors believe that they have a good chance of obtaining money. If a man's assets are known to be considerable, then his credit will be good.

Banks are closely concerned with the flow of money into and out of the economy. They often co-operate with governments in efforts to stabilize economies and to prevent inflation. They are specialists in the business of providing capital, and in allocating funds on credit.

The system of banking rests upon a basis of trust. Bankers, depositors and borrowers all agree to behave in certain predictable ways in relation to each other. Consequently, business can be done and cheques can be written without any cash visibly changing hands.

Unfortunately, though banks are reliable, there are lots of crimes connected with them: frauds, forgery, inside dealings. Newer and newer financial offences appear alongside the development of new financial technologies.

2. Make the in italics word combinations in the text above a) negative; b) interrogative.

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EXERCISE 3

Match up the parts of the sentences:

EXERCISE 4

Complete the sentences according to the following:

You were not asked this question, ... — You were not asked this question, were you?

1.He was offered the job, ...? 2. The film is spoken about, ...?

3.The cake will be eaten by tomorrow, ...? 4. I haven't been invited, ...? 5. The room is being cleaned, ...? 6. The windows weren't broken, ...? 7. I am obliged to serve, ...? 8. This boxer can't be beaten, ...? 9. You have been informed, ...? 10. Smoking in the cafes should be banned, ...?

EXERCISE 5

Put the following sentences into the Passive Voice:

1. The students of this group always do their home tasks properly. 2. I bought the coat last year. 3. Could you finish the translation by next Thursday? 4. Must I stop it? 5. They didn't pay him for his work. 6. We have discussed the problem already. 7. He hasn't repaired the car yet. He is repairing it now. 8. The guide is showing the precious stone to the tourists. 9. Has she fed the cat? 10. I promise, I'll answer your questions very soon. I'll explain you everything. 11. Our cat killed the rat yesterday. 12. They are going to publish the article next month, they promise.

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EXERCISE 6

Passive or Active?

1. Many accidents (cause) by careless driving. 2. How ... this word (pronounce)? 3. The letter (post) a week ago, but it (arrive) only yesterday. 4. The boat (sink) quickly, but fortunately, everybody (rescue). 5. Ron's parents (die) when he was very young. 6. Fiona (resign) from her job. And Bob (sack). What ... he (do) wrong? 7. The situation is out of hand. Something must (do) until it is too late. 8. I haven't received the letter yet. It might (send) to the wrong address. 9. Let's wait inside while the car (repair). 10. The machine broke down yesterday, but now it's OK. It (work) again; it (repair). 11. Tom gets a higher salary now: he (promote).

EXERCISE 7

Use the correct tenses in Passive Voice.

A ROBBERY

Mr. and Mrs. Wilson (rob) were robbed last month. Their TV, their record player, and all their living room furniture (take)___________. In fact, nothing (leave) ____________ in the living room but the rug. Fortunately, Mrs. Wilson's gold necklace (take) ___________. She was glad because it had been (give) to her by her grandmother many years ago.

The thief (see) ____ driving away from the house in a truck. Their neighbours called the police, and the man (arrest) ______ . He (send) ______ to jail for five years.

A day after the robbery, the living room furniture, the record player, and the TV (return) ________. The sofa had (rip)

___________, but everything else was OK.

EXERCISE 8

Translate into English using Passive:

1.Украденные вещи еще не нашли. 2. Их (все еще) ищут.

3.Джерри Шеппарда видели на месте преступления. 4. Пока его искали, было опрошено много свидетелей. 5. В газетах сообщалось, что его нашли в доме его подружки по имени Сью. 6. Ее тоже арестовали? — Нет, ее пока не арестовали. 7. Насколько я знаю, за ее домом сейчас наблюдают. 8. Джерри уже допросили? — Да, его допрашивали уже несколько раз. 9. Неизвестно,

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посадят ли его в тюрьму. 10. По-прежнему неизвестно, где спрятаны украденные вещи. 11. Но рано или поздно их найдут, я уверен. 12. Какие меры принимаются полицией для предотвращения преступлений? 13. Какие действия выполняются полицейскими на месте преступления? — Место преступления внимательно осматривается, собираются улики, делаются фотографии места преступления, пишутся протоколы. 14. Как правило, преступления раскрываются быстро и качественно. 15. Подозреваемые были допрошены, а отчеты о полученной информации посланы в главное полицейское управление.

EXERCISE 9

Translate the sentences into English using Active or Passive:

1. Я не знал, что кто-то нас слушает. 2. Мне кажется, меня никогда не слушают. 3. Кто родился в 1799 и умер в 1837? 4. Говорят, что в этом районе есть золото. 5. Шахту придется закрыть. 6. Он делает то, что ему говорят. 7. Такой трюк нельзя повторить дважды. 8. Никому не нравится, когда над ним смеются. — Почему же? Клоунам, наверное, нравится. 9. Он стал старше, но внутренне (inwardly) не изменился. 10. Строятся новые объекты и выпускаются новые товары - в целом можно сказать, что экономика развивается. 11. Вам уже показали выставку? 12. Как раз сейчас им показывают новые экспонаты (exhibits). 13. Можно ли изменить прошлое?

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