- •Сборник текстОв для самостоятельного чтения и экзаменационные темы
- •Contents
- •Выписка из программы курса "Иностранные языки для неязыковых факультетов и вузов"
- •Требования, предъявляемые к студенту по окончании курса
- •О работе с англо-русским словарем
- •Term 1 my working day Learn the following words and expressions:
- •Read and translate the text “My Working Day”
- •Our university Learn the following words and expressions:
- •Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Read and translate the text “Our University”.
- •Answer the questions:
- •Great britain Learn the following words and expressions:
- •Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Mind some proper names:
- •Loch Lomond – озеро Ломонд
- •House of Commons – Палата Общин
- •Conservative party – консервативная партия
- •Read and translate the text “Great Britain”
- •What languages are spoken in the uk?
- •Read the texts about some British sights
- •Term 2 london Learn the following words and expressions:
- •Mind some proper names:
- •Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Read and translate the text “ London”
- •Read the texts about some London sights
- •My future profession Learn the following words and expressions:
- •Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Read and translate the text “My Future Profession”
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read about some school policies of one of the English schools
- •Heinrich pestalozzi
- •Learn the following words and expressions:
- •Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Read and understand the text “Heinrich Pestalozzi”
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text about Friedrich Froebel
- •Term 3
- •The faculty of primary schooling
- •The faculty of pre-school psychology and pedagogics
- •Higher Education
- •Elementary and Secondary Education
- •Adult and Continuing Education
- •The faculty of mathematics The Whole Numbers
- •Addition of Whole Numbers
- •Subtraction of Whole Numbers
- •Multiplication of Whole Numbers
- •Division of Whole Numbers
- •Fractions
- •Addition of Fractions
- •Subtraction of Fractions
- •Multiplication of Fractions
- •Division of Fractions
- •Addition and Subtraction of Decimal Fractions
- •We discard the digits 2 and 3. But we do not simply ignore these discarded digits. They may cause a change in one of the digits we intend to use. If we have 45.6723
- •Multiplication of Decimal Fractions
- •Division of Decimal Fractions
- •Quotients with Repeated Decimals
- •The faculty of biology The Cell
- •Some Familiar Proteins
- •Enzymes and Genes
- •The faculty of geography a Country Across the Channel
- •The faculty of physical culture Sports and Recreation
- •Term iy
- •The faculty of primary schooling
- •The faculty of pre-school psychology and pedagogics
- •Standards
- •The United States Educational Structure
- •Reform and Progress
- •Examining Schools
- •The faculty of mathematics Numbers
- •The faculty of biology What Is a Mutation?
- •Evolution and Heredity
- •Animal Behaviour
- •The faculty of geograpgy The Face of Britain
- •The faculty of physical culture Sports and Money
- •Leisure Sports
- •Anything That Has Wheels
- •Список литературы
- •Сборник текстОв для самостоятельного чтения и экзаменационные темы по английскому языку
- •614990, Г. Пермь, ул. Сибирская, 24, корп. 2, оф. 71,
- •614990, Г. Пермь, ул. Сибирская, 24, корп. 1, оф. 11
Addition of Whole Numbers
The addition of two or more numbers is an arithmetic operation by means of which a new number is obtained. This new number contains as many units as are contained in all added numbers taken together. The numbers that are added are known as the addends. The number resulting from addition of two or more numbers is known as the sum. The sign for addition is + (plus).
Addition is best performed when the numbers are written in columns so that units, tens, hundreds, and so forth are written vertically. For example, the sum of 1,562 and 1,891 is obtained, as follows:
1,562
+1,891
3,453
Addition is performed from right to left. We can easily observe that addition of 8 to 35 gives the same result when 35 is added to 8. In either of the operations of addition the sum is 43. So the sum of two or more numbers does not change when the order, in which the numbers are added, is changed.
Subtraction of Whole Numbers
Subtraction is an arithmetic operation by means of which one of the addends is obtained, when the sum and another addend are given. The result is known as the difference of the two given numbers. The number from which another number is to be subtracted is known as the minuend. The number that is subtracted is known as the subtrahend. Subtraction is an operation opposite to addition. The sign is - (minus).
Subtraction of many-place numbers is performed as follows:
986
-354
632
We begin subtraction from the right and we subtract the numbers in the same column. Thus: 6 – 4 = 2; 8 – 5 = 3, etc.
Multiplication of Whole Numbers
Multiplication is an arithmetic operation by means of which one number is repeated as an addend until it occurs as many times as it is indicated by another number. There are two numbers involved in multiplication. The result of the operation of multiplication is known as the product. The number which is repeated is known as the multiplicand. The number by which the multiplicand is multiplied is known as the multiplier. The sign is “x“or “”.
Division of Whole Numbers
The operation by means of which a factor is obtained when the product and the other factor are given is called division. The arithmetic operation is performed on the number, which we take as the given product. In division this number is called the dividend. The given factor is known as the number by which the dividend or the product is to be divided. This number is called the divisor. The result of the division of the dividend by the divisor is called the quotient. The sign of division is “:” or “/“ in England.
Fractions
A fraction is a part of a unit, such as ½; ¼; etc. A fraction has a numerator and a denominator. For example in the fraction ¾ - 3 is the numerator, and 4 is the denominator. In the fraction the numerator is divided by the denominator. The fraction 2/7; indicates that 2 is being divided by 7.
A mixed number is an integer together with a fraction, such as 2 3/5; 7 3/8 etc. An integer is the integral part and a fraction is the fractional part. An improper fraction is one in which the numerator is greater than the denominator, such as 19/6; 23/4 etc.
To change a mixed number to an improper fraction you must:
a) multiply the denominator of the fraction by the integer;
b) add the numerator to this product;
c) place the sum over the denominator of the fraction.
For example let’s change 3 4/7 to a fraction.
The solution is: 7 x 3 = 21; 21 + 4 = 25; 3 4/7 = 25/7 .