- •Gerunds as subject
- •Sentence patterns with gerund as subject
- •Exercise 3. Possessives in Gerund Phrases as Subject
- •Exercise 4. Test your knowledge of proverbs.
- •Gerund as direct object
- •Remember!
- •Remeber!
- •Smth needs doing
- •Smth needs to be done
- •Smb needs to do
- •Exercise 6. Make sentences with worth.
- •Exercise 8. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 9. Using Possessives with Gerunds as Direct Object
- •In informal English objective forms of (pro)noun are commonly used with -ing instead of possessives
- •Gerund as object of a preposition
- •Remember!
- •Smb is used to doing----- is in the habit of doing smth
- •Smb used to do smth ----- did smth in the past
- •Exercise 10. Complete the sentences with prepositions and gerund
- •Write the correct preposition and to put the verb into the correct form. Use the verb in brackets at the end of each sentence.
- •Exercise 12. Change direct speech into reported speech. Begin each of your sentences in the way shown.
- •Exercise 14. Read these situations and write three sentences with used to as in the example.
- •Exercise 15. Read these situations and write a sentence with be/get used to.
- •Exercise 16. Put the verb into the correct form, -ing or infinitive (I am used to doing or I used to do).
- •Exercise 17. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate forms of the gerund:
- •Exercise 18. Fill in the blanks with prepositions.
- •Exercise 20. Translate into English:
- •Exercise 21. The Fountain of Youth
- •Gerund as attribute
- •Sentence patterns with gerund as attribute
- •Exercise 22. Write the correct preposition and to put the verb into the correct form. Use the verb in brackets at the end of each sentence.
- •Exercise 23. Complete the sentences using gerunds.
- •Exercise 24. Translate into English
- •Gerund as adverbial modifier
- •Exercise 25. Read a sentence and then write a second sentence with the same meaning using a preposition.
- •Exercise 26. Complete the sentences using gerunds.
- •Exercise 27. Translate into English.
- •Gerund as part of a compound verbal predicate
- •Verbs followed by an infinitive or gerund with a difference in meaning
- •Exercise 31. Practice using troublesome verbs
- •Exercise 32. Read a sentence and write a second sentence with the same meaning. Begin your sentence in the way shown.
- •Exercise 33. Make your own sentences. Complete each sentence using -ing.
- •Exercise 34. Review of Troublesome Verbs
- •Exercise 35. Complete these sentences in any appropriate way using either the to-infinitive or the -ing form of the verb in brackets. If both forms are possible, give them both.
- •Exercise 36. Put the verb in the brackets after the verb «to like» into the correct form
- •Exercise 37. Here is some information about Tom when he was a child.
- •Exercise 38. Your friend has some problems and you have to be helpful. For each problem write a question with try.
- •Exercise 40. Make sentences with afraid. Read each situation and then use the words in brackets to write your sentence.
- •Exercise 43. Complete these sentences with either a to-infinitive or an -ing form. Choose an appropriate verb. Sometimes more than one verb is possible.
- •Using the perfect form of gerunds Exercise 44. Read this police report on a witness questioned about a robbery. Fill in the blanks by making gerunds in the perfect form from the verbs given.
- •Using the passive form of gerunds Exercise 45. Complete the sentences using active and passive gerunds.
- •Exercise 46. Complete the following article by filling in the blanks with the passive form of gerunds made from the verbs given in parentheses. (Use the verb be in the passive gerunds.)
- •Exercise 47. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 48. Complete the sentences using active and passive gerunds.
- •Exercise 49. Complete the sentences with one of the expressions mentioned above
- •Compare gerund to verbal noun
- •Exercise 50. Analyze the -ing forms in the sentences below. State which of them are gerunds and which verbal nouns:
- •Exercise 51. Analyze the -ing-forms stating whether they are gerunds or verbal nouns.
- •Reviewing Exercise 52. Identify the forms and functions of the Gerund
- •Exercise 53. Retirement Communities
- •Exercise 54. Replace the italicized clauses by gerund. Use prepositions where necessary:
- •Exercise 55. State the syntactic functions of the gerund. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Exercise 56. Complete the sentences using the gerund from the following list:
- •Exercise 57. Complete the following sentences using gerund.
- •Exercise 58. Find the gerund and translate the sentences from English into Russian
- •Exercise 59. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:
- •Exercise 60. Use the gerund from the following list as:
- •Exercise 61. Complete the following sentences using the gerund as:
- •Exercise 62. Translate into English using the gerund as:
- •Exercise 63. Replace the italicised parts of the sentence or clauses by gerundial phrases:
- •Exercise 64. Analyze the syntactic functions of the gerund. Translate into Russian.
- •Exercise 66. Use the required form of the gerund of the verb in brackets.
- •Exercise 67. Use the required form of the gerund and insert prepositions where necessary.
- •Exercise 68. Change the construction of the sentences using the gerund.
- •Exercise 69. Translate the sentences into English using gerunds.
- •Exercise 70. Translate into English:
- •Exercise 72. Translate into English:
- •Exercise 73. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 74. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 75. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 76. Translate into English.
- •Exercise 77. All Work and No Play
- •Exercise 80. Editing
- •Exercise 80. Personalization
- •Exercise 81. Translate into English using gerund.
- •Exercise 82. Translate into English.
- •Reference
- •Contents
- •Verbs followed by either an infinitive or a gerund with no difference in meaning 19
- •Verbs followed by an infinitive or gerund with a difference in meaning 21
Reviewing Exercise 52. Identify the forms and functions of the Gerund
Questions to consider
1. Do you think a fast pace of life is negative, that it causes stress? Or is it merely an unavoidable characteristic of modern life?
2. What aspects of modern life are governed by our watching the time and keeping to schedules?
I want to begin this evening by asking all of you: How many of you live your life by the clock? Are you guilty of any or all of the following: Speeding? Skipping a meal? Frequenting fast-food restaurants? Ordering meals over the phone? Getting angry in a traffic jam? Honking your horn if that terrible person in the car ahead of you waits more than two seconds to resume driving when the light changes to green? Becoming impatient if some idiot in the supermarket is moving his cart too slowly? Dividing up your day into small blocks, like half hours or even quarter hours? Carrying around a daily planner in which you've got everything scheduled, including parties and entertainment, for the next several weeks?
I, too, used to be guilty of overscheduling my life and charging through everything I did, but fortunately I saw the light. My having changed my basic relationship with time is probably the best thing I ever did. I'm an anthropologist, and about six years ago I did some field work on group relationships among the Navajo people in Arizona and New Mexico. My work included spending time with Navajo elders, observing their activities, and recording many of the things they said. One thing I learned very quickly was that the notion of hurrying is basically foreign to the Navajo.
I was assigned to an elderly man named Mr. Begay. I would spend my days with him and watch what he did. I loved being allowed to participate in Navajo culture, but at first I was irritated by Mr. Begay's taking so long to do things, and I'm sure he was amused at my becoming so impatient with him. Gradually, though, I started slowing down and entering into the Navajo lifestyle. For many Navajos, starting and finishing things at prescribed times is basically alien. Accomplishing something takes as long as it takes. Eventually I started looking at things in a new way, and today I'd say that my having been given this opportunity to see how another culture deals with time probably taught me more than any other single thing.
I remember going to pueblo dances later on and being amused by tourists who were impatient for the dancing to begin. I'd hear irritated voices saying things like, "When are they going to start the dance? It was supposed to start at 11: 50. If they don't hurry, we're going to miss our lunch reservation."
But at those pueblo dances, Native Americans start dancing when they're ready to start. Things take as long as they take. Now it wouldn't be a bad idea if we in the mainstream culture gave some thought to adopting part of that lifestyle. Too many of us want everything to be instantaneous: fast food, micro-wavable meals, instant money from automatic tellers, instant credit. When things don't go according to schedule, we feel stress, and stress can kill us. And it keeps us from enjoying things as we experience them.
OK. Now let's take a break—a leisurely break. When we come back, I'll give you some suggestions for slowing things down.