8. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения; подчеркните в них модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.

1.The most fundamental law in physics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. 2.Amorphous semiconductors may possibly find a technical application for solar cells. 3.He must find this article: its subject is closely connected with his work. 4.The history of the silicon solar cell began in 1954. A large-scale application, however, had to wait until the advent of the space age three years later. 5.You are to apply the mean value of the voltage, no matter which device you use. 6.The student should be able to define basic theoretical principles.

9. Выберите правильный модальный глагол:

1.You ___ work hard at your English if you want to know it. (can, may, must)

2.You feel bad, you ___ see a doctor. (needn’t, should, can)

3. The lights are on. They ___ be at home. (may, must, are to)

4.She ___ to finish school in a year. (may, has, is)

5.I’m afraid the weather ____ change for the worse. (must, may, should)

6.When this scientist was 21 years old he ____ solve a very important mathematical problem. (could, was able to, had to)

10. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:

1) Must I visit the doctor today? – No, you ___. (mustn’t, can’t, needn’t)

2) May I take one of your books for a week? – Yes, you ___. (can, may, must)

11. Определите, в каком предложении глагол to have является модальным.

1.She has a lot of work today.2.She has to do a lot of work today. 3.She has done a lot of work today.

12. Завершите варианты (b) и (с):

1) (a) She had to visit her parents last Sunday.

(b) ______ she _________ her parents on Sunday?

(c) She ___ not ____ visit her parents on Sunday.

2) (a)You can go to the theatre with your friend.

(b) ___ I _____ to the theater with my friend?

(c) You _____ not _____ to the theater with your friend.

13. Соотнесите английские предложения с русскими (например, 1а, 2с и т.д.):

1. She may ask. 2. She couldn’t ask. 3. She mustn’t ask. 4. She had to ask. 5. She shouldn’t ask. 6. She won’t be able to ask. 7. She needn’t ask. 8. She isn’t allowed to ask.

а. Ей можно не спрашивать. б. Ей можно спросить в. Ей не следует спрашивать. г. Она не должна спрашивать. д. Она не могла спросить. е. Она не сможет спросить. ж. Ей не разрешают спрашивать. з. Ей пришлось спросить.

Вариант 3

1. Перепишите предложения; подчеркните в каждом глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (Б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода конструкций со страдательным залогом, в разделе (В) – на место предлога в русском языке.

Образец: were agreed upon – Past Ind. (Simple) Passive от глагола to agree

(A) 1.Amplifiers have played a great role in most electronic devices. 2.The article was describing the main features of some semiconductor device. 3.A new type of transistor will be consuming practically no power from the tested circuit. 4.The Mendeleyev system has served for almost 100 years as a key to discovering new elements.

(Б) 1.The rise and fall of the current pulses are affected to some extent by almost every circuit element. 2.The first sputnik was launched into space in 1957. 3.These elements will be transformed into other elements during the next stage of the experiment. 4.In this paper new experimental observations were presented. 5.The relationship between the computers and the people that use them will be described in all the details.

(B) 1.The experiment carried out by these researchers can be relied upon. 2.Some amplification was obtained by using tuned r-f amplifier ahead of the mixer. 3.The discovery of electron was followed by investigations of its properties. 4.The amplifying characteristics of a new type of transistor will be referred to as¹ reverse saturation current.

NOTES: ¹ to be referred to as – называться