Markets and Prices

Potential buyers of a product. Exchanges and relationships. The size of a market. The term market. Product class. Constituting an industry, constituting a market. Markets’ arrangements. Relative prices. The price structure of market. Combination of goods and services. Basic economic questions. Commodity market / exchanges. Commodities available in the future. Stock markets / exchanges. Supply and demand. Selling securities.

Advertising

Impersonal form of communication. Paid means of information distribution. Clearly stated source of financing. A corporate image advertising. A product advertising. Rubric advertising. Clearance advertising. Explanatory advertising. Services of advertising agencies. Making advertisement. Introducing a new product on the market. Persuading, reminding, the budget. Forming the idea, choice of forms of appeal and implementation. Attention, interest, action-consequent stages of the consumer’s response. The exceptional nature of the product. The implementation of the appeal. The contents, goals, integrity and the right tone. The choice of the means of information distribution .Stating the range of frequency, the impact of the advert. Looking for a specific advertising means, the right schedule. Evaluation of the communication. Major types of advertisements. Classified adverts. Commercial adverts.

III курс

Essential Features of PR

Advertising. The practice of informing the public or a section of the public of the benefits of a particular product, service, or activity in order to stimulate sales. Communication. The act or process of transmitting information. Management. The control, coordination, and planning of an organization in order to achieve maximum efficiency. Marketing. The management function concerned with the identification. Propaganda. Association or organized scheme for propagation of a doctrine or practice. Publicity. The giving of information about something or somebody in order to attract the attention of the public. Sales promotion. The activities of a company that are concerned with increasing by means other than above-the-line advertising. Public relations society of America official statement on public relations.

Functions of pr

Counseling. Based on an understanding of human behavior Analysing. Future trends and predicting their consequences. Establishing and maintaining two-way communication. Preventing conflicts and misunderstandings. Promoting mutual respect. Promoting good-will with staff. Attracting good personnel. Promotion of products or services;

Projecting a corporate identity.

Areas of pr work

Counseling. Providing advice to management concerning policies, relationships and communications. Research. Determining attitudes and behaviours of publics in order to plan public relations strategies. Such research can be used to (1) generate mutual understanding or (2) influence and persuade publics. Media Relations. Working with mass media in seeking publicity or responding to their interests in the organization. Publicity. Disseminating planned messages through selected media to further the organization's interests. Employee/Member Relations. Responding to concerns, informing and motivating an organization's employees or members. Community Relations. Planned activity with a community to maintain an environment that benefits both the organization and the community. Government Affairs. Relating directly with legislatures and regulatory agencies on behalf of the organization. Lobbying can be part of a government affairs program. Public Affairs. Developing effective involvement in public policy, and helping an organisation adapt to public expectations. Issues Management. Identifying arid addressing issues of public concern that affect the organisation. It can include environmental affairs. Financial Relations. Creating, and maintaining investor confidence and building good relationships with the financial community. Also known as Investor Relations or Shareholder Relations .Industry Relations. Relating with other firms in the industry of an organisation and with trade associations. Development/Fund-Raising. Demonstrating the need for and encouraging the public to support an organisation, primarily through financial contributions. Minority Relations/Multicultural Affairs. Relating with individuals and groups in minorities or cultural groups. Special Events. Stimulating an interest in a person, product, or organisation by means of a focused "happening"; also, activities designed to interact with publics. Marketing Communications. Combination of activities designed to sell a product, service, or idea, including advertising, collateral materials, publicity, promotion, direct mail, trade shows, and special events.