Grammatika_Saakyan

of her cooking abilities these days and does not want to disappoint her niece.

7.Bradley and Susan are spending holidays in the mountains. Brad loves hiking in the woods and invites Susan to climb one of the mountains. Susan refuses. She is not sure she is in good shape for the long hike.

8.Lorie is visiting her sister Barbara in Michigan. Barbara invites Lorie to a skating rink. Lorie, who lives in Florida, refuses. She hasn't even seen ice for the last five years.

9.Andrew and Brian are spending the weekend on the beach. An drew challenges Brian to a swimming race. Brian refuses. He hasn't swum for quite a while.

Ex. 4. Speak about yourself. Use expressions of time: for many years, all my life since 2001, since we moved here in 1998, since I left school, etc.

1. Have you always lived in this town? How long have you lived here? 2. Do you enjoy living here in this huge city or do you prefer a smaller and quieter place? 3. Have you ever thought about moving to a different city? 4. Have you ever been out of the city? 5. What towns have you been to? When did you go there and how long did you stay? 6. How long have you been a student? 7. Have you ever been out of the country? 8. Have you ever been to England or America? 9. How long have you been in love with this girl? 10. Has your life been happy so far? 11. Have you ever felt lonely? 12. Have you ever had trouble making friends? 13. Have you had a major interest all your life? 14. Do you think you have changed? 15. What events have made you change? 16. What events have made you more understanding? 17. Have your attitudes towards friends, money, love, death, education changed during your life?

Ex. 5. Use the notional verb in the following sentences in the Present Perfect Tense. Make the new statements more extensive.

Model: They are going to prepare all the things for the experiment. — They have already prepared all the things for the experiment and can start performing it without any further delay.

1. The weather is going to change for the worse. 2. They are going to finish their work. 3. They are going to talk these things over. 4. We are going to have a lot of trouble with this second-hand car. 5. She is going to see it with her own eyes. 6. She is going to see the place in the moonlight. 7. He is going to tell us all about the work he is doing now. 8. I am going to speak about this urgent matter more than once. 9. The delegation is not going to leave yet. 10. We are going to write

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to him and ask him to share in the work we are doing. 11. I am going to send the message by airmail. 12. He is going to show you some pretty post-cards of the places you are going to visit. 13. It's a pity he is not going to spend the day with them. 14. They are going to install a new computer in their office. 15. He is going to collect new data on this phenomenon.

Ex. 6. Insert articles where necessary.

1. Dylan Thomas, ... well-known English poet, was born in 1914 and died in 1953. 2. Horatio Nelson, ... British naval commander, defeated Napoleon in ... battle of Trafalgar. 3. Harlem, ... former village on ... Manhattan Island, now is ... negro quarter of New York city. 4. Mr. Hammon, editor-in-chief of Tablets was ... man of athletic type. 5. I'm sure you know Alfred Hard, ... professor at ... London University. 6. W. Johnson, ...

Superintendent of the School, received me in his office. 7. Hart, ... uneasy nervous man, made a few sarcastic remarks. 8. Then I was introduced to Charles March, ... nephew of our host. 9. Erich Maria Remarque, ... Germanborn anti-war writer is very popular in our country. 10. Ann, ... daughter of the landlady, cooked ... breakfast for the boarders.

11.Sir Christopher Wren, ... great English architect, is the creator of St. Paul's athedral.

12.William Caxton, ... father of English printing, died in 1491. 13. Brians was ...

midshipman, junior officer in training. 14. An inquiry was held at Plymouth, ... port where the ship docked. 15. The court room, ... eighteen century building, was crowded with excited people. 16. Captain McKay was on the quarter-deck, ... part of the deck which is reserved for officers.

Ex. 7. Translate into English.

1. Если я еще здесь посижу, то точно опоздаю. 2. За этим поворотом дорога резко поднимается в гору. 3. Она забыла, куда она положила свои перчатки. 4. Наша кошка любит лежать на телевизоре. 5. Посмотри на собаку, которая сидит на крыльце. 6. Ты завел часы? 7. Никто не думал, что прилив (tide) поднимется так высоко. 8. Мы увидели клубы дыма, поднимающиеся из-за горы. 9. Стоимость электричества постоянно увеличивается. 10. Этот факс лежит в ящике. 11. Дума опять увеличила налоги. 12. Поднялся сильный ветер, и они вынуждены были войти в дом. 13. Кошка сидела и ждала, пока я поставлю перед ней ее миску. 14. Поставь коробку на стол. 15. Несколько студентов одновременно подняли руки.

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Unit 27

The Past and the Future Progressive Tenses. The Simple Past and the Past Progressive Tenses. Degrees of Comparison

Ex. 1. Answer the questions using the Past Progressive and the Future Progressive Tenses.

1. Were you doing your home work at six o'clock yesterday? 2. What were you doing then? 3. What will you be doing at 3 o'clock tomorrow? 4. Will you be hurrying home after classes? 5. What was your mother doing when you got home yesterday? 6. Do you know when you will be taking your English exam this year? 7. Where will you be going for your holidays this year? 8. What will you be doing this weekend? 9. Were you having a party when I called you yesterday? I heard people talking and laughing? 10. Were you talking to the Dean when I passed by the hall the other day? 11. Will you be doing a report tomorrow? 12. Will you be studying if I come at 6 p.m.?

Ex. 2. Answer the following questions using the Progressive tense forms (Present, Past, Future).

1. What is the weather like? (rain a little) 2. Why didn't you go to the country yesterday? (rain) 3. What will the weather be like tomorrow? (the radio, give the weather forecast in a few minutes) 4. Why did the militia-man stop him? (walk across the street in the wrong place) 5. Why don't you want to go to the cinema tonight? (finish the book I must give back tomorrow) 6. Where is Mother? (work in the garden) 7. Why didn't he hear the bell? (play football) 8. Why can't we speak to him now? (write business letter) 9. What is the noise about? (watch a football match) 10. Why do you think you won't get much sleep tonight? (travel all night) 11. Will you come to the party? (no, move to a new flat) 12. Why don't you answer the phone? (write my course paper) 13.I called you several times yesterday and the phone was constantly busy. Is it out of order? (work on the Internet) 14. Why didn't you join us for a ride yesterday? (cook for tonight's party) 15. Why don't you want to confront him now? (see him in the office tomorrow)

Ex. 3. Contrast the Simple Past with the Past Progressive Tenses.

1. We (do) a lot of oral work during the first term. 2. She (live) with her parents when the war broke out. 3. Our school football team

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(win) the championship last year. 4. The night watchman (sleep) when I called at your house. 5. As we (climb) the mountain our guide (slip) and (fall). 6. We (play) cards in the living-room when thieves (take) some things from the bedroom. 7. The little girl (be afraid) it (get dark). 8. When I (learn) French I often (confuse) the tenses. 9. While he (dig) in the garden, he (find) an old coin. 10. We (drive) to the station as soon as we learned that his father (come) by the afternoon train. 11. This shampoo (last) for a long time. 12. While I (talk) on the phone the soup (boil) over the top of the pan. 13. When we (fish) he (catch) a huge pike. 14. I (cool off) by swimming in the river when I (hear) a shout from the bank. 15. As I (ride) my bike yesterday I (see) an accident on the road.

Ex. 4. Translate into English.

1. Я вас ждал в 10 часов вчера. Почему вы не пришли? 2. Мой брат готовил уроки, когда пришел его друг. 3. Что вы делали, когда я вошел? 4. Они не будут играть в шахматы в 12 часов в воскресенье. Они будут гулять в парке. 5. Он будет сдавать экзамен на будущей неделе! 6. Когда вы придете домой сегодня? 7. Студент читал что-то, в то время как преподаватель объяснял задание. 8. Если вы вернетесь в одиннадцать, я все еще буду работать. 9. Мне жаль, что я не смог прийти. Вы меня ждали? 10. На будущей неделе мы будем готовиться к экзаменам. 11. Вы ведь путешествовали в это время в прошлом году, не правда ли? 12. Кто из вас будет встречать делегацию завтра? 13. — Где вы были в двенадцать часов? Я вам звонил, но вас не было. — Я катался на лыжах. 14. Он читал газету, когда я его увидел. 15. Сто лет назад правила королева Виктория. 16. Моя сестра готовила для гостей все утро. 17. Он много читал, когда был студентом. 18. Всю прошлую неделю он красил дом. 19. Когда митинг закончился и мы пошли домой, шел сильный дождь. 20. Я вчера целый час готовился к докладу.

Ex. 5. Complete the following sentences using the Future Progressive Tense according to the model.

Model: Don't leave (we to have supper, in about 10 minutes). — Don't leave, we'll be having supper in about ten minutes.

1. Is there anything you'd like to tell her? (I, see her, at the party today) 2. Don't wait for me (I catch up with you, in a minute) 3. We must leave immediately (they expect us, out there before noon) 4. Don't worry (I write shortly) 5. We needn't trouble to send him the book (he, come, to see us, soon) 6.I can buy the medicine for you (I pass,

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by the chemist's) 7. I don't think it's wise to wait for him (he, get home late, this evening) 8. Why worry so much? I am sure (you, hear from him, soon) 9. Hurry up, or the shop (close soon) 10.I do hope we (meet) now regularly. 11. Helen knows that if she doesn't come by ten o'clock her mother (worry) about her. 12. Just wait and see! In a moment she (tell) you all her problems over and over again.

Ex. 6. Insert the right articles.

Bath Festival

Located about 100 miles west of London, ... city of Bath provides one of ... finest examples of 18th century architecture in all of Europe. ... residents of ... Royal Crescent,

... semicircular street in ... heart of Bath lined with Georgian-style houses, light candles in their windows on ... opening night of ... 17-day music festival that has been held there since 1958. While musical events dominate ... festival — there are usually two operas and ... wide variety of ... concerts and ... recitals— in recent years children's events, theatre, film, jazz, dance, art exhibitions, and lectures have been added. Violinist Yehudi Menuhin's 10 years as artistic director of ... festival established it as one of ... most important musical events in Britain. Menuhin also helped train the Bath Festival Orchestra, now recognized as one of ... best small orchestras in ... world.

Bath is known for its mineral hot springs, which were discovered by... Romans when they invaded Britain 2,000 years ago. During ... 18th century it became ... fashionable resort and cultural centre, and ... festival events take place in many of its well-preserved buildings. ... festival ball is held each year in one of ... city's historic homes.

Ex. 7. Open the brackets and use the right degree of comparison.

1. Penicillin proved to be (одним из самых эффективных) drugs. The sun, which is (во много миллионов раз больше, чем) the earth, is nevertheless, only a star of an average size. 3. I chose this story because it was (самый короткий из) of the three. 4. I think that the train is (самый безопасный) means of travel. 5. I have never had (более счастливого) day in my life. 6. It is the (самая зеленая) grass I have ever seen. 7. India is (более солнечная страна) than Norway. 8. Chuck is (умнее) than Ray. 9. My sister has earned (меньше денег) this year than I. 10. Every year people in (все меньше стран) suffer from hunger. 11. Today in Russia families have (меньше детей) than a couple of decades ago. 12. Looks like this term I have (меньше времени) for anything but work. 13. I have got (меньше информации) than I expected. 14. You have brought (гораздо больше

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еды) than I asked you to. 15. The village happened to be (гораздо дальше) than we expected.

Ex. 8. Make the sentence correct by putting the adjectives in brackets in the right order.

1. She was wearing a (evening long, red,) dress. 2. Have you see a (French, nice) car that Jerry bought? 3. In the corner of the room there was a (square, large, old, wooden, table). 4. Rebecca bought (round, green, two, old) candles to decorate the table for Christmas dinner. 5. I have always liked (thick, leather-bound, old,) books. 6. My grandfather had an (English, old, round) clock that he used to keep on his bedside table. 7. Jane hated the (yellow, disgusting, plastic) ornament that her brother brought for her from his trip. 8. The (black, fashionable, slim,) skirt was very becoming on her. 9. Julia always wondered what her grandmother kept in that (square, wooden, old) box. 10. She bought a (woolen, new, multicolor, large) carpet for her room.

Unit 28

Progressive Tenses. The Future Progressive Tense Expressing a Matter-of-Course Action. Articles in with-, like-, in-phrases

Ex. 1. Use the Simple Future or Future Progressive Tenses.

(come) soon now. 5. You (go) home one of these days. 6. I hope she

more exams this term? 14. You (make a presentation) at tomorrow's meeting? ,

Ex. 2. Translate into English.

1. Через десять минут мы будем ужинать, поэтому не уходи. 2. Я завтра утром поеду в город и смогу подвезти вас. 3. Я увижусь с Леной на днях и расскажу ей о твоем деле. 4. Он приедет скоро, так что мы вернем ему книгу. 5. Я ему завтра буду писать и скажу о твоей просьбе. 6. Она скоро придет. 7. Он будет сдавать экза-

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мен на будущей неделе. 8. Я повидаю их, если у меня будет время. 9. До свидания, увидимся завтра. 10. Кто из вас будет встречать делегацию? 11. Мэри приедет на будущей неделе. 12. Мэри приезжает на будущей неделе. 13. Он будет там сегодня вечером. 14. Мой брат остановится у меня на несколько дней. 15. Завтра в это время мы будем подъезжать к Москве. 16. Когда у тебя следующий урок? 17. Он читает лекцию о Байроне завтра. 18. Он уезжает через несколько дней. 19. Вы все еще будете работать, если я приду в 9? 20. Я расскажу ему об этом, если увижу.

Ex. 3. Make up dialogues using these sentences.

1. I'll be seeing him next week, so I'll mention it to him. 2. You'll disappoint her if you don't come. Now that you have promised, she'll be expecting you. 3. — Do you think they will be still waiting for us, when we come? — Oh, yes, they won't go until we arrive. 4. — Will you be seeing him tomorrow? — Yes. I hope so. — Well, in that case, will you tell him I got the letter. 5. When you arrive at the airport my cousin will be waiting for you. You'll recognise him easily. He'll be wearing a dark green suit and a yellow tie.

Ex. 4. Insert articles where necessary.

Dr. Carr, ... father of ... family, was ... dear, kind, busy man, who was away from home all day, and sometimes all night, too, taking care of... sick people. ... children had not any Mamma. She had died when Phil was ... baby. Katy could remember her pretty well, to

... rest she was ... sad, sweet name, spoken at prayer-times. In place of this Mamma there was Aunt Lizzie, Papa's sister. She was ... small woman, rather old-looking, and very neat and particular about everything. She was kind to ... children, but they puzzled her much, because they were not a bit like herself when she was ... child. Aunt Lizzy had been ... gentle, tidy little thing, who loved to be told that she was ... good girl. But Dr. Carr wished to have ... children hardy and bold, and encouraged ... rough plays and climbing, in spite of bumps and ragged clothes which resulted. But from ... moment she arrived, Aunt Lizzie had made ... law that they were all to sit on their little chairs and learn ... Bible ... hour ... day. But ... moment ... bell rang, her comfort was over.

Ex. 5. Complete the following phrases.

1. She always speaks in ... 2. It was as simple as ... 3. The child was as happy as ... 4. The guy is sleeping like ... 5. She is always as busy as ... 6. He swims like ... 7. Don't answer me in ... 8. It's as safe

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as ... 9. The man is as brave as ... 10. The girl sings like... 11. It's as old as ... 12. He is as poor as ... 18. It's as safe as ... 14. Angela behaves like ... 15. It was as black as ... 16. He was as drunk as ...

Ex. 6. Choose the right modal verb.

1. It is difficult to work with her. Sometimes she ... be very hard to

2. Jack ... look for another job in a month. His position was cut back

4. Simon borrowed 2,000 for a year; the year is almost over and he ...

pay it back.

a) have to b) can c) may

5. I hate to say that but I ... cancel the meeting. The proposals are not ready yet.

8.You ... go into that room. It's forbidden!

a)don't have to b) might c) may not

9.I ... take the bus yesterday because the subway was closed.

Ex. 7. Make the right choice.

1. The news (is, are) on at 9.00 p.m. 2. The basis for her statement (was, were) unsound. 3. Athletics (is, are) good for young people. 4. Linguistics (is, are) the study of language. 5. The criteria for selecting the candidates (is, are) explained in the brochure. 6. Darts (is, are) a popular game in England. 7. The recent crisis in the Cabinet (has, have) received special attention from the press. 8. Billiards

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(is, are) played all over the world. 9. Parentheses (is, are) used to enclose references and explanations. 10. The faculty (was, were) assigned to (its, their) new offices in the new building. 11. The jury (has, have) reached a decision. 12. (Does, do) the analyses of the past enrollments show any interesting trends? 13. The memoranda, which (is, are) on your desk((explains, explain) the new procedures. 14. The change of the school science curriculum (has, have) been a long process. 15. The hypotheses (is, are) carefully explained in the introduction to the article.

Ex. 8. Insert the right article.

1. Donald married Angelica, ... classmate of his. 2. There was once ... king, ... cruel and greedy man. 3. ... Prince Edward was a pilot in the British Army. 4. Rebecca, ... art observer, wrote satirical stories. 5. Chuk, ... naughty boy, drives his parents to despair. 6. Marina, ... headstudent of the group, keeps the register. 7. The next morning, ... Monday, I was up early. 8. ... painter Constable was a master of landscape. 9. ... director and ...

manager are out at the moment. 10. The film about ... Admiral Nelson and ... Lady Hamilton is my favourite one. 11. We bought some sweets for the party, ... box of Anthon Berg. 12. Mr. Brown was elected ... president of the firm. 13. ... president Clinton will appear on television tonight. 14. Will ... Prime Minister discuss the problem with ... Queen? 15. My cousin, ... talented musician, participated in the Chaikovski Contest.

Unit 29

Ways of Expressing Futurity. Articles with Nouns Denoting Parts of the Day and Names of Seasons

Ex. 1. Translate into English.

1. Он станет хорошим преподавателем. 2, Если ты будешь читать целый вечер, я пойду в кино. 3. Через неделю они уезжают из Москвы. 4. Я буду дома в семь. 5. Мама возвращается завтра. 6. Это сделать в классе или дома? 7. Вы будете там вечером? 8. Я скоро вернусь. 9. Моя сестра переезжает на новую квартиру на днях. 10. Я буду рад увидеть вас в Москве. 11. Вы не забыли, что завтра делаете доклад? 13. Вы идете сегодня в театр? 13. Когда она закончит университет, она будет работать в школе. 14. Я надеюсь, что мы будем наслаждаться хорошей погодой в выходные.

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Ex. 2. Open the brackets. Choose the most suitable of all the Progressive Tenses. Give reasons for your choice.

1. What you (do) here so late? You always (do) your lessons in the reading room? 2. You didn't see me, I (sit) in the back row. 3. I can give her your message, I (see) her at the lecture. 4. Why you always (change) your mind? 5. He asks me who else (come) to the party. 6. It (rain) when I first came to St. Petersburg. 7. We (play) chess for an hour and went for a walk. 8. We (play) chess when you like. 9. I (read) for my examination. 10. Well, so long then, I'll phone you one of these days. 11. We'll come at 12 a.m. 12. They (rehearse) the second act. 13. He (lose) constantly things! 14. Sorry, I really have to go. They (wait) for me. 15. What you (do) after dinner?

Ex. 3. Translate into English, using the most suitable tenses.

1. Вы всегда обедаете в это время, не так ли? 2. Почему ты еще читаешь? Уже поздно. Иди спать. 3. Кто может сказать мне, когда закончится урок? 4. Спроси старосту, будет ли у нас завтра собрание. 5. Можно задать вам вопрос? — Да, пожалуйста. 6. Давайте пойдем в воскресенье в парк, если не будет дождя. 7. В лесу много снега зимой, не так ли? 8. Мы должны прочитать весь текст? — Нет, не нужно. Прочитайте только первую часть. 9. Мы будем здесь, пока он не придет. 10. Я тебя не слышу, потому что радио говорит слишком громко. 11. Я не знаю, сколько времени я здесь пробуду. 12. Если он не позвонит в 10 часов, я позвоню ему сама. 13. Вы никогда ничего не забываете, правда? 14. Здесь нет денег, где они? — Они на полке. 15. На улицах много народа. Куда они спешат?

Ex. 4. Make up short dialogues as shown in the model.

Model: Teacher: Ask student B. what she was doing at 4 o'clock yesterday. Student A: What were you doing at 4 o'clock yesterday?

Student B: I was learning by heart an extract for our class in phonetics.

Teacher: Ask student B:

what she was doing at this time yesterday,

what she was doing while her mother was cooking supper, where he was hurrying to when you saw him,

what she was doing at this time on Monday, what she was doing when you rang her up, what she was reading when you came,

why she was running when we saw her, what she was discussing when we came in,

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